Effect of rosemary polyphenols on human colon cancer cells: transcriptomic profiling and functional enrichment analysis

Abstract

In this work, the effect of rosemary extracts rich on polyphenols obtained using pressurized fluids was investigated on the gene expression of human SW480 and HT29 colon cancer cells. The application of transcriptomic profiling and functional enrichment analysis was done via two computational approaches, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These two approaches were used for functional enrichment analysis as a previous step for a reliable interpretation of the data obtained from microarray analysis. Reverse transcription quantitative-PCR was used to confirm relative changes in mRNA levels of selected genes from microarrays. The selection of genes was based on their expression change, adjusted p value, and known biological function. According to genome-wide transcriptomics analysis, rosemary polyphenols altered the expression of *4 % of the genes covered by the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0ST chip in both colon cancer cells. However, only *18 % of the differentially expressed genes were common to both cell lines, indicating markedly different expression profiles in response to the treatment. Differences in induction of G2/ M arrest observed by rosemary polyphenols in the two colon adenocarcinoma cell lines suggest that the extract may be differentially effective against tumors with specific mutational pattern. From our results, it is also concluded that rosemary polyphenols induced a low degree of apoptosis indicating that other multiple signaling pathways may contribute to colon cancer cell death.

Pressurized liquid extraction of Neochloris oleoabundans for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids with anti-proliferative activity against human colon cancer cells

“…In previous studies, HT-29 cell line has shown to be more refractory to the anti-proliferative activity of natural compounds than other established colon cancer cell lines (Valdés et al, 2013). Besides, this cell line constitutes a paradigm of the colon carcinogenesis pathway proposed by Fearon and Vogelstein (1990).…”

In vitro Anticancer Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Populus alba L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. from South Eastern Anatolia of Turkey

“…9,10 Recent studies revealed that rosemary EOs have greater biological effects than its extracts since the EOs have higher contents of major bioactive components, especially polyphenols and phenylpropanoids such as rosmarinic acid, carnosic acids, camphor, camphene, α-pinene, β-pinene, borneol, caryophyllene, limonene, terpineol and myrcene. [8][9][10][11][12] P. alba L., known as white poplar, growing in a wide range of environmental conditions, is belonging to the family Salicaceae and native to central and southern Europe. 13 Although there were some previous investigations on the EO of P. alba , to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its in vitro anticancer and antiproliferative activities.…”

Two-step sequential supercritical fluid extracts from rosemary with enhanced anti-proliferative activity

“…This activity has been associated with their antioxidant capacity, mainly due to the presence of several phenolic compounds, such as rosmarinic and carnosic acids, carnosol, rosmanol, epirosmanol and methyl carnosate (Herrero, Plaza, Cifuentes, & Ibañez, 2010b), among others. In previous studies, we reported that different advanced, environmentally-friendly extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), are able to selectively produce bioactive rosemary extracts with anti-proliferative effects on different human cancer cell lines, specifically colon cancer (Valdés et al, 2013) and leukemia (Valdés et al, 2012) cell lines. Through different foodomics-based approaches, it has been possible to explain some of the molecular mechanisms of action of these phenolic compounds (Ibáñez et al, 2012a andIbáñez et al, 2012b).…”

“…Among the different extraction techniques previously studied in our laboratory to obtain bioactive rosemary extracts, SFE has shown the most promise, because it was able to produce active extracts when ethanol was employed as cosolvent together with supercritical CO2 (Valdés et al, 2013). These rosemary extracts were comparatively richer in medium to low polarity phenolic compounds (i.e., carnosic acid and carnosol), whereas other techniques such as PLE were more suited for the enrichment of the more polar phenolics, mainly rosmarinic acid, which were less active (Valdés et al, 2013). Consequently, these less polar phenolic compounds present in rosemary are more interesting as functional ingredients to prevent cell proliferation.…”