Effect of rotational speed and feed rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy manufactured by additive friction stir deposition

Chen, G.; Wu, Kefei; Yu, Wenbin; Zhu, Zheng; Nie, Pan; Hu, Fengfeng

doi:10.1007/s00170-023-11527-6

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Overall, the deposition morphology of the samples, as well as the presence of defects, were found. The samples would form rounded curved areas in both the deposition start and end regions, and the advancing side (AS) of the deposited layer would be smoother than the receding side (RS), which is in agreement with the results of the experiments of the previous articles [41,45]. Under different rotational speed conditions, the morphology of the deposited layer changes due to the rotational speed.…”

Section: Macrostructuresupporting

confidence: 88%

“…They found that the material flowed strongly at 400 rpm, the grain refinement was evident, and the average grain size reached 6.0 ± 3.3 µm. Chen et al [41] investigated the effect of the rotational speed and traverse velocity in the AFSD of 6061 aluminium alloy bars with a diameter of 10 mm. They found that the grain size positively correlates with the feed rate and rotational speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition

Zhu,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), in which molten metal materials are formed into free-form stacked structural parts according to the path design, may have a wide range of applications in high-efficiency mass production. In this study, experiments were conducted for the rotational speed in the AFSD parameters of 6061 aluminium alloy bars to investigate the effects of different rotational shear conditions and heat inputs on the properties of the deposited layer for diameter bars based on the analysis of the micro-morphology, micro-tissue composition, and mechanical properties. The width and thickness of each layer were constant, approximately 40 mm wide and 2.5 mm thick. The particle undulations on the surface of the deposited layer were positively correlated with the AFSD rotational speed. Continuous dynamic recrystallisation in the AFSD process can achieve more than 90% grain refinement. When the rotational speed increases, it causes localised significant orientation and secondary deformation within the recrystallised grains. The ultimate tensile strength of the deposited layer was positively correlated with the rotational speed, reaching a maximum of 211 MPa, and the elongation was negatively correlated with the rotational speed, with a maximum material elongation of 37%. The cross-section hardness of the deposited layer was negatively correlated with the number of thermal cycles, with the lowest hardness being about 45% of the base material and the highest hardness being about 80% of the base material.

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Section: Macrostructuresupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition

Zhu,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Crystals

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“…Various aspects of the mechanical and microstructural properties of AFSD AA6061 parts have been studied in the literature. The relationship between process parameters (deposition tool's rotation and traverse speed and feed-rate) and the mechanical properties and the microstructure/nanostructure properties for AA6061 parts that are made using AFSD has been investigated in studies [17,[58][59][60]. Zhu et al employed neutron diffraction to investigate the distribution of residual stress across the thickness of an AA6061 part that was fabricated using AFSD [61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Layer Thickness on the Mechanical Properties of Additive Friction Stir Deposition-Fabricated Aluminum Alloy 6061 Parts

Ghadimi,

Talachian,

Ding

et al. 2024

Metals

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Solid-state additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is a thermomechanical-based additive manufacturing technique. For this study, AFSD was utilized to produce aluminum alloy 6061 (AA6061) blocks with varying layer thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm). The mechanical properties were assessed through uniaxial tensile tests and Vickers microhardness measurement, and statistical analysis was employed to investigate differences among data groups. The results revealed that the deposition layer thickness influences tensile properties in the building (Z) direction, while the properties in the X and Y directions showed minor differences across the three AFSD blocks. Furthermore, variations in tensile properties were observed depending on the sample orientation in the AFSD blocks and its depth-wise position in the part in the building direction. The microhardness values decreased non-linearly along the building direction, spread across the width of the part’s cross-section, and highlighted that the deposition layer thickness significantly affects this property. The 1 mm block exhibited lower average microhardness values than the 2 mm and 3 mm blocks. The temperature histories and dynamic heat treatment are influenced by the deposition layer thickness and depend on the location of the point being studied in the part, resulting in variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties along the building direction and across the part’s width.

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“…Meanwhile, fine-grained microstructure can be obtained in the final product materials due to the severe deformation during AFSD [27]. Consequently, using AFSD, bonding between Al alloy and Al alloy [28][29][30], as well as bonding between Ti alloy and Ti alloy [31][32][33], was performed. However, there is no study reported on the bonding between these two dissimilar metals (Al and Ti alloys) via AFSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Preheating Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6061/TA1 Composite Plates Fabricated by AFSD

Gong,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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In this study, composite plates of 6061/TA1 were successfully manufactured using additive friction stir deposition (AFSD). The impact of preheating temperatures (room temperature, 100 °C, 200 °C) on the interfacial microstructure and interface mechanical properties at various deposition zones was studied. The results showed that as the preheating temperature increased or when the deposit zone shifted from the boundary to the center, the diffusion width of Al and Ti increased, accompanied by an increase in bonding shear strength. Moreover, in the boundary zone of the sample preheated at room temperature (P-RT), only mechanical bonding was observed, resulting in the lowest bonding shear strength. Conversely, the other samples exhibited a combination of mechanical and metallurgical bonding. Under the preheating temperature of 200 °C, interfacial intermetallic compounds were observed near the center zone, which exhibited the highest bonding shear strength.

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Effect of rotational speed and feed rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy manufactured by additive friction stir deposition

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition

Effect of Rotational Shear and Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Large-Diameter 6061 Aluminium Alloy Additive Friction Stir Deposition

The Effects of Layer Thickness on the Mechanical Properties of Additive Friction Stir Deposition-Fabricated Aluminum Alloy 6061 Parts

Influence of Preheating Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6061/TA1 Composite Plates Fabricated by AFSD

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