Effect of Rotavirus Vaccine on Diarrhea Mortality in Different Socioeconomic Regions of Mexico

Abstract

After introduction of rotavirus vaccination, marked and sustained declines in diarrhea deaths were seen among children in all regions of Mexico, including in the least developed southern region with the highest baseline diarrhea mortality. This finding indicates equitable vaccine delivery to children with varying risk of mortality and reaffirms the beneficial effects of rotavirus vaccination against fatal diarrheal disease.

Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Hospitalizations and Deaths From Childhood Gastroenteritis in Botswana

“…First, declines were concentrated during the rotavirus season months, with the great majority of annual reductions occurring in May through October, as has been described in other settings after introduction of rotavirus vaccination [13][14][15]22]. Second, declines in deaths and hospitalizations were most pronounced among infants, which correlated with the higher burden of severe rotavirus in this age group [20], as well as with the higher vaccine coverage among infants during the study period.…”

“…Despite lower efficacy in lowresource settings, the benefits of vaccination could be substantial in countries with a high baseline burden of severe rotavirus disease. Significant declines in all-cause gastroenteritis mortality and hospitalizations among children <5 years of age have been observed following rotavirus vaccine introduction in a few early-adopter countries with low child mortality [11][12][13][14][15]. The variation in efficacy by national gross domestic product [16] underscores the importance of monitoring the impact of rotavirus vaccination in low-income, high-mortality settings during routine programmatic use, where vaccine performance may differ from the optimal conditions of clinical trials.…”

Effect of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine introduction on hospital admissions for diarrhoea and rotavirus in children in Rwanda: a time-series analysis

“…In Mexico, where rotavirus vaccine was introduced nationally in 2007, all-cause diarrhoea deaths in children younger than 5 years of age fell by 35-50% during 2008-11. [4][5][6] Similar decreases of 17-39% in Brazil and 50% in Panama were documented after rotavirus vaccine introduction. [7][8][9] Additionally, many other countries have noted a substantial reduction in the number of hospital admissions for all-cause diarrhoea and rotavirus after the rotavirus vaccine introduction.…”

Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and rotavirus vaccine introduction into the South African public immunisation programme

“…[20,21] Notably, such differences were evident in a diversity of socioeconomic settings in Mexico. [22] Similarly, electronic databases were used in the USA to demonstrate a 36% reduction in all-cause pneumonia hospitalisation in children <2 years of age within 3 -4 years of PCV introduction, an effect that was sustained even a decade after PCV introduction. [23] A number of other countries have also variably used available health data registries to measure the public health impact of PCV and RV on pneumonia and diarrhoea hospitalisation, respectively.…”