Effect of routine prenatal supplementation on vitamin concentrations in maternal serum and breast milk

Maternal Circulating Vitamin Status and Colostrum Vitamin Composition in Healthy Lactating Women—A Systematic Approach

“…No additional articles were obtained from the reference lists of the included articles. Hence, 11 articles were considered in the present review, of which six were cross-sectional studies [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 ], four described randomised controlled clinical trials [ 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], and one was a quasi-experimental intervention study conducted in a convenience sample without control group [ 48 ]. Coinciding collection of colostrum and blood were baseline measurements for all randomised controlled trials and the quasi-experimental study, thus data on lost to follow up were not extracted for the current review.…”

“…In eight studies, colostrum was obtained by manual expression [ 36 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 47 , 48 ]; in two studies, a manual breast pump was used [ 45 , 40 ]; and in one publication, no information on expression method was given [ 38 ]. Blood sample collection was done by venipuncture in five studies [ 36 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 48 ]; one article stated blood samples concerned venous blood [ 40 ], and in five publications no information on blood collection method was given [ 38 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 47 ]. In the majority of the studies, colostrum and blood samples were obtained at one time point between the first and fifth postpartum day, except for one study collecting colostrum samples over 1–3 days postpartum in order to establish a colostrum pool [ 42 ], and for three publications, the postpartum day was not mentioned [ 36 , 43 , 48 ].…”

“…Blood sample collection was done by venipuncture in five studies [ 36 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 48 ]; one article stated blood samples concerned venous blood [ 40 ], and in five publications no information on blood collection method was given [ 38 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 47 ]. In the majority of the studies, colostrum and blood samples were obtained at one time point between the first and fifth postpartum day, except for one study collecting colostrum samples over 1–3 days postpartum in order to establish a colostrum pool [ 42 ], and for three publications, the postpartum day was not mentioned [ 36 , 43 , 48 ]. Nine articles indicated that the samples were stored at a temperature ranging between −18 °C and −70 °C after serum preparation [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 48 ].…”

“…In the majority of the studies, colostrum and blood samples were obtained at one time point between the first and fifth postpartum day, except for one study collecting colostrum samples over 1–3 days postpartum in order to establish a colostrum pool [ 42 ], and for three publications, the postpartum day was not mentioned [ 36 , 43 , 48 ]. Nine articles indicated that the samples were stored at a temperature ranging between −18 °C and −70 °C after serum preparation [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 48 ]. In eight studies, samples were collected after an overnight fast [ 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 48 ]; whereas in the remaining three studies, the prandial state of participants was not specified [ 40 , 45 , 47 ].…”

Daily Oral Low-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation Increases the Retinol Levels in Serum and Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers and Has No Effect on Infant Health Status: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in China

“…At the end of the trial, the retinol concentration in breast milk of supplement group was signi cantly higher than that of control group. However, some studies in Ghanaian [27] and Brazilian [28] have found that vitamin A intervention has no effect on retinol concentration in breast milk. This may be due to the different forms and doses of vitamin A supplements.…”