Effect of Ruminal NH3-N Levels on Ruminal Fermentation, Purine Derivatives, Digestibility and Rice Straw Intake in Swamp Buffaloes

Wanapat, Metha; Pimpa, O.

doi:10.5713/ajas.1999.904

Cited by 172 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The values of NH 3 -N obtained in this study are in line with the optimum concentration of 8.5 to 30.0 mg/ dl in ruminal fluid for proper microbial growth (McDonald et al, 1996;Wanapat and Pimpa, 1999). Feeding tannin sometimes results in a decrease in ammonia concentration, exhibiting the efficient use of volatile fatty acid (VFA) for microbial protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Efectos de la suplementación con peladuras y hojas de yuca y tallos de caupí sobre el ambiente ruminal y parámetros sanguíneos de cabras Enanas del África Occidental

et al. 2017

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sUMMAryThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. Thirty West African dwarf bucks aged 8±1.3 months with an average body weight of 6.06±0.02 kg were used in a completely randomized experiment. The goats were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments which consisted of milled cassava peels, cassava leaves and cowpea haulms in different ratios of 700:100:175 (T1); 500:200:275 (T2); 300:300:375 (T3) and 100:400:475 (T4) g/kg DM respectively. A standard diet formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of the animals with no cassava and cowpea haulms was used as the control diet (T5). Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance using the general linear model procedure of SAS. The results obtained indicated that the highest dietary crude protein was obtained in treatment 5 (206 g/kg) followed by treatment 4 (200 g/kg). Treatment 1 had higher neutral detergent fibre (660 g/kg) and hydrocyanide (30.00 mg/kg) contents. At 0 hr post-feeding, NH 3 -N values significantly ranged (L, Q, C: p<0.05) from 8.50 % in treatment 1 to 15.67 % in treatment 4. The acetic and propionic acid content was highest (C: p<0.05) in treatment 1 with values of 68.17 mol/100ml and 21.55 mol/100 ml, respectively. Total fungi counts were similar in treatments 3 and 5, but significantly different (Q, C: p<0.05) from other treatments. The acetic acid values significantly (Q: p<0.01; C: p<0.05) decreased from 63.70 mol/100 ml in treatment 1 to 62.49 mol/100ml in treatment 3; decline further to 61.78 mol/100ml in treatment 4. Values for total fungi counts ranged from 0.20 (cfu/ml x106) in treatment 2 to 0.60 (cfu/ml x106) in treatment 5. Packed cell volume (PCV) values ranged from 21.50 % in treatment 3 to 31.50 % in treatment 1. Haemoglobin concentration was highest in treatment 2 with values of 10.25 g/dl resulting in a significant linear and cubic trend. At the end of the experiment, there was a sharp decline in the PCV values of the goats in treatments 1, 2 and 5. Hb concentration values followed a similar trend though not significantly different (L, Q, C: p>0.05). RBC values significantly (L: p<0.01) increased as the levels of inclusion of cassava peels reduced. Total protein and globulin ranged from 53.30 to 67.30 (g/dl) and 22.00 to 34.60 (g/dl) respectively and were significantly (C: p<0.01; L, Q, C: p<0.01, 0.05) different. The study revealed that supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms as protein sources has no negative effects on rumen fermentation and blood biochemical parameters of West African dwarf goats. Recibido

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Efectos de la suplementación con peladuras y hojas de yuca y tallos de caupí sobre el ambiente ruminal y parámetros sanguíneos de cabras Enanas del África Occidental

et al. 2017

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“…Ruminal pH and temperature were not affected by the treatments (P > .05) and were in normal ranges. Moreover, BUN and MUN concentrations were similar between the treatments (P > .05), while NH 3 -N was significantly higher (P < .05) in cows consuming Formulation diet (13.9 mg/ dl), which was in the range of the optimal level (15-30 mg/dl) reported by Wanapat and Pimpa (1999) to improve rumen ecology, digestibility, and intake. This result indicated that a combination of an appropriate carbohydrate source and a high protein concentrate feed may improve rumen fermentation by providing suitable pH conditions for microorganism activity as mentioned by Hungate (1966).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Dairy cattle are becoming the major ruminant distributed in the north-east of Thailand. Due to the low quality of roughage feedstuffs in this area, supplementation with a concentrate diet containing a high density of energy and nitrogen would be potentially useful and could be mixed on farm (Wanapat 1999). Modern feeding strategies have changed from primarily foragebased to progressively more readily fermentable carbohydrate feedstuffs in dairy rations to meet the increasing milk production of high-producing animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding tropical dairy cattle with local protein and energy sources for sustainable production

Wanapat

Foiklang

Sukjai

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high protein feed (Hipro-feed) formulated with carbohydrate source in concentrate mixture on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk performance of lactating cows fed Ruzi grass. Sixty cross-bred dairy cows (75% Holstein-Friesian and 25% Thai cows) in mid-lactation, 390 ± 50.0 kg body weight, 85 ± 5 days in milk with daily milk production of 10 ± 2.0 kg/day, were selected from 15 smallholder dairy farms and assigned according to a randomized complete block design. Four cows per farm were subjected to two groups to receive dietary treatments: Formulation I = control formula used by farmers and Formulation II = Mixed carbohydrate source + Hipro-feed (48% crude protein). The results showed that cows that received Formulation II had higher total feed intake and nutrient digestibility (P < .05). However, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, and propionic acid were increased in cows that consumed Formulation II, while acetic acid and butyric acid, ruminal pH, temperature, and blood urea nitrogen were similar between groups. Milk yield and economic return were increased in cows receiving Formulation II. In conclusion, Hipro-feed could usefully be incorporated with carbohydrate source in concentrate formulation for the improvement of diary performance of smallholder dairy farming in the northeastern region of Thailand. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…In the current study, the pH ranged from 6.94 to 7.19. These values are considered optimal for the normal rumen fermentation, for the synthesis of volatile fatty acid, and microbial protein (Wanapat and Pimpa, 1999;Anantasook et al, 2012), and are also within the range of 6.2 to 7.2, considered appropriate for optimal microbial activity (Van Soest, 1994), as expected for diets based on forage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additives on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice straw

et al. 2017

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral and protein-energy (MPES), exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplements (ES), combination of MPES + ES, and straw without supplement (WS) on digestibility, fermentation kinetic parameters, cumulative gas production, methane, CO 2 production, and volatile fatty acid concentration of rice straw of low and high nutritional value, estimated by in vitro techniques. The experimental design was randomized and factorial 2 × 4: two straws (low and high nutritional value) incubated with four supplements (MPES, ES, MPES + ES, and WS) and their interactions. Four experimental periods were used, totaling four replications per treatment over time. Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED of SAS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of the rice straw with high nutritional value was improved by MPES, while the combination of MPES + ES supplements inhibited the digestibility of this straw. Dietary carbohydrate and nitrogen increased through MPES and MPES + ES supplements resulted in an increase in NH 3 -N concentration and a decrease in CO 2 production due to the microbial mass formation. However, this increase was not enough to improve organic matter degradability parameters, cummulative gas production, gas production kinetics, and acetate:propionate ratio and reduce methane emissions. The straw with high nutritional value showed greater content of nitrogen fraction a, effective degradability, cummulative gas production, and methane and CO 2 productions comparing with low-nutritional value straw. The use of MPES and MPES + ES supplements can be used as strategy to mitigate CO 2 in ruminant production systems that use rice straw.Key Words: digestibility, digestion kinetics, fatty acid, gas production, methane Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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Effect of Ruminal NH3-N Levels on Ruminal Fermentation, Purine Derivatives, Digestibility and Rice Straw Intake in Swamp Buffaloes

Cited by 172 publications

References 7 publications

Efectos de la suplementación con peladuras y hojas de yuca y tallos de caupí sobre el ambiente ruminal y parámetros sanguíneos de cabras Enanas del África Occidental

Efectos de la suplementación con peladuras y hojas de yuca y tallos de caupí sobre el ambiente ruminal y parámetros sanguíneos de cabras Enanas del África Occidental

Feeding tropical dairy cattle with local protein and energy sources for sustainable production

Additives on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice straw

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