Effect of Running on Perception of Self and others

Jorgenson, Christabel B.; Jorgenson, David E.

doi:10.2466/pms.1979.48.1.242

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Running also seems to enhance one's self-concept, self-esteem, self-awareness (6)(7)(8)(9), vigor, and clear mindedness (10,11). These desirable changes have encouraged psychotherapists to recommend running to clients who are clinically anxious or depressed (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mood Alteration with Swimming—Swimmers Really Do “Feel Better”

Berger

Owen

1983

Psychosomatic Medicine

140

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This study illustrated the relationship between swimming, an aerobic activity, and mood. One hundred college students, voluntarily enrolled in beginning or intermediate swimming classes or in lecture-control classes, completed the POMS before and after class. Results of a 5-way ANOVA confirmed that, as predicted, swimmers reported significantly less tension, depression, anger, confusion, and more vigor after exercising than before. Both novice and intermediate swimmers changed significantly more than did controls on all scales except fatigue, while none of the controls' pre-, post-instruction mood changes were significant. The results have implications, similar to those with running, for use in psychotherapy. Despite different social connotations of exercise for women and men, there were no gender differences in the amount of mood change associated with swimming. However, in direct contradiction of existing literature, the women reported significantly less tension-anxiety, depression, anger, and confusion than the men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mood Alteration with Swimming—Swimmers Really Do “Feel Better”

Berger

Owen

1983

Psychosomatic Medicine

140

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“…Endurance sports, including long distance running, cycling and triathlon, are associated with many positive phy-siological effects, such as improvement in aerobic capacity (Saltin et al, 1968;Kasch et al, 1973), cardio-protection (Ascensao et al, 2007;Bo et al, 2014), treatment of Type I and Type II diabetes (Palermo et al, 2014;Karstoft & Pedersen, 2015;Roberts & Taplin, 2015;Ryninks et al, 2015;Yoon et al, 2015), athletic body composition (Pollock et al, 1975), and bone density (Kemmler et al, 2006;Winzenberg et al, 2006;Kemmler et al, 2015). In addition, a large body of evidence demonstrates specific benefits of endurance sports on psychological health, including protection from depressive disorders, enhanced self-esteem, an improved feeling of wellness and an increased sense of personal control (Leonardson, 1977;Greist et al, 1978;Lion, 1978;Greist et al, 1979;Jorgenson & Jorgenson, 1979). In this context, NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK) guidelines suggest that regular athletic activities (e.g., 3 times a week for 45 -60 minutes) for 10 -14 weeks can improve mild to moderate depression (Nice-Guidelines, 2009;Kim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disordered Eating and Exercise Dependence in Endurance Athletes

Zeulner¹,

Ziemainz²,

Beyer³

et al. 2016

APE

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Background: The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of disordered eating and exercise dependence among elite and amateur endurance athletes, both male and female, and to find out whether there was an association between disordered eating and exercise addiction in these athletes. Methods: 1031 participants of major German endurance events (745 male, 286 female, 528 elite athletes and 503 hobby athletes) with a mean age of 41.6 ± 10.7 years old completed a set of questionnaires, including the SCOFF questionnaire and the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI). Results: A rate of 18.9% of the athletes surveyed were at risk for developing an eating disorder, slightly higher than that in the normal population, and 2.7% had the potential to develop an exercise addiction. There was a significant correlation between exercise addiction and eating disorders. No gender difference related to the probability of developing an eating disorder or an exercise addiction, nor a difference between elite or amateur athletes was found. Exercise addiction and eating disorders showed a significant correlation.

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“…Psychological advantages include better stress management, reduction of depression, improved selfesteem, and an improved feeling of well being and a heightened sense of personal control (Lion, 1978;Greist et al, 1978;Jorgenson and Jorgenson, 1979;Leonardson, 1977). Physiological advantages include improvement in aerobic capacity, and reductions in per cent of body fat (Saltin et al, 1968;Katch et al, 1973;Pollock, 1973;Pollock et al, 1975;Wilmore et al, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are anorexic tendencies prevalent in the habitual runner?

Wheeler¹,

Wall²,

Belcastro³

et al. 1986

Br J Sports Med

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To investigate whether runners displayed any of the abnormalities characteristic of patients with anorexia nervosa, we conducted a cross sectional study of 31 high mileage, 18 low mileage runners and 18 non-running controls. Subjects completed a personal data questionnaire, the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI) and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire (EAT), underwent a body image test and a blood sample was obtained for measurement of reproductive, thyroid and adrenal hormones. High mileage runners scored significantly higher infrequency scores on the JPI than sedentary controls but there was no evidence of psychopathology. The high mileage runners also significantly overestimated waist width and there were small but statistically significant differences in EAT scores between controls and the runner groups. Ten of 49 runners had EAT scores beyond two standard deviations above the mean of non-running controls. Serum total, free and non-specifically bound testosterone and prolactin levels were significantly lower in high mileage runners than controls. LH, FSH, cortisol and thyroid hormones were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in any hormone between low mileage runners and controls. displayed no clear abnormalities characteristic of patients with anorexia The results suggested that running may have a chronic effect on serum testosterone and prolactin levels in high mileage but not low mileage runners. Although there was no significant evidence of anorexia nervosa on testing the runners with EAT, the overestimation of waist size provided some evidence of a distortion of body image in the high mileage runners. Runners displayed no clear abnormalities characteristic of patients with anorexia nervosa.

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Effect of Running on Perception of Self and others

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Mood Alteration with Swimming—Swimmers Really Do “Feel Better”

Mood Alteration with Swimming—Swimmers Really Do “Feel Better”

Disordered Eating and Exercise Dependence in Endurance Athletes

Are anorexic tendencies prevalent in the habitual runner?

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