Effect of Running Speed on Lower Limb Joint Kinetics

Abstract

Of all the major lower limb muscle groups, the hip extensor and knee flexor muscles during terminal swing demonstrated the most dramatic increase in biomechanical load when running speed progressed toward maximal sprinting.

Muscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance

“…Previous studies investigating the energetics of running have used inverse dynamics to determine muscular work at the joint level (Biewener et al, 2004;Devita et al, 2007;McIntosh et al, 2006;Novacheck, 1998;Schache et al, 2011;Swanson and Caldwell, 2000). Calculations of joint work do not account for the contributions of individual muscles, particularly those that cross more than one joint.…”

“…Peak hip-flexor, hip-extensor and knee-flexor moments all increase significantly at speeds above 7ms -1 (Belli et al, 2002;Schache et al, 2011). Increases in the work performed at the hip and knee during the swing phase also correlate with running speed above 7ms -1 , as does the mechanical energy delivered by the leg muscles to the thigh and shank (Cavagna, 2009;Cavagna et al, 2008;Chapman and Caldwell,of individual leg muscles coordinate motion of the lower-limb joints and the centre of mass, particularly across a wide range of running speeds.…”

Relationship between Leg Stiffness and Kinematic Variables According to the Load while Running

“…Under conditions in which movement speed during running must be increased, the range of motion of the knee and ankle joints increases to maintain momentum (Bishop, Fiolkowski, Conrad, Brunt, & Horodyski, 2006;Schache et al, 2011). However, the results of this study, which was conducted at each participant's preferred speed and investigated natural lower-limb movement by load increases during running, showed significantly less bending in the angle of the knee joint.…”

Phalangeal joints kinematics during Ostrich (Struthio Camelus) locomotion

“…USA). In this study, trials with stance duration > 0.9s and duty factor > 0.5 were considered 244 as walking gaits, whereas trials with stance duration < 0.9s and duty factor < 0.5 were regarded as running gaits (Schaller et al, 2011 (Schache, 2011;Stoessel and Fischer, 2012 From Figure 4C and D, we can see that the angle  showed similar patterns in the stance 287 phases of walking and running. The joint angle decreased after touch-down from about 160 288 degree to 120 degree or so at late stance.…”