Effect of salinity on moisture content, pigment system, and lipid composition in<i>Ephedra alata</i>Decne

Alqarawi, Abdulaziz A.; Alshahrani, Thobayet S.; Huqail, Asma A. Al

doi:10.1556/abiol.65.2014.1.6

Cited by 72 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Such a response is uniform and we, therefore, anticipate similar outcomes. The effect of increased salinity, however, is an increase of saturated FA levels and decreased proportions of unsaturated FAs as described for the bacteria Shewanella [49] and Halomonas species [37], and several plant species from the Ephedra genus [3], but information remains scant. Moreover, salinity effects were also found to be opposite between different plant varieties of the same species [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closely related intertidal and deep-sea Halomonhystera species have distinct fatty acid compositions

Campenhout

Vanreusel

2016

Helgol Mar Res

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The deep-sea free-living nematode Halomonhystera hermesi, dominant in the sulphidic sediments of the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (1280 m, Barent sea slope), is part of the mainly estuarine Halomonhystera disjuncta species complex consisting of five cryptic species (GD1-GD5). Cryptic species have a very similar morphology raising questions on their specific environmental differences. This study analyzed total fatty acid (FA) compositions of H. hermesi and GD1, one of H. hermesi's closest relatives. Additionally, we experimentally investigated the effect of a temperature reduction, salinity increase and sulphide concentrations on GD1's FA composition. Because nematodes are expected to have low amounts of storage FA, total FA compositions most likely reflect FA contents of cellular membranes. The deep-sea nematode H. hermesi had significantly lower saturation levels and increased highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFAs) proportions due to the presence of docosahexanoic acid (DHA-22:6ω3) and higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-20:5ω3) proportions. HUFAs were absent in H. hermesi's food source indicating the ability and need for this nematode to synthesize HUFAs in a deep-sea environment. Our experimental data revealed that only a decrease in temperature resulted in lower saturated fatty acids proportions, indicating that the FA content of H. hermesi is most likely a response to temperature but not to sulphide concentrations or salinity differences. In experimental nematodes, EPA proportions were low and DHA was absent indicating that other factors than temperature, salinity and sulphides mediate the presence of these HUFAs in H. hermesi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closely related intertidal and deep-sea Halomonhystera species have distinct fatty acid compositions

Campenhout

Vanreusel

2016

Helgol Mar Res

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“…Among the abiotic stresses, salinity is one of the main factor that contributes to desertification of arid lands. Soil salinization has become a great challenge for rehabilitation of range lands and plant productivity (Alqarawi et al 2014). Salinity not only reduces yield of plants but also disrupts the ecological balance of the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity not only reduces yield of plants but also disrupts the ecological balance of the area. Stress tolerance of plants is a complex phenomenon involving changes at morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels and are undoubtedly the most important response of plants to the adverse environmental conditions (Rasool, Hameed, et al 2013;Shaheen et al 2013;Ahmad et al 2014;Alqarawi et al 2014). Salinity causes nutritional disorders in plants which lead to deficiencies of several nutrients and drastically increasing Na + levels in the plant cells (Iqbal & Ashraf 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The habitat of E. aphylla is shallow dry runnels in limestone. The shoots of E. aphylla contain the alkaloid ephedrine and are valuable in the treatment of asthma and many other complaints of the respiratory system (Alqarawi et al 2014).Plants grown in fields are surrounded by various microorganisms like bacteria and fungi that help and improve the plant growth and yield under various stress conditions (Creus et al 1998). Scientists are looking forward for the alternatives to enhance the crop production under the salt-affected soils.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Alleviation of salt-induced adverse impact via mycorrhizal fungi inEphedra aphyllaForssk

Alqarawi

2014

Journal of Plant Interactions

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142

104

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The current investigation was carried out to examine the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in alleviating adverse effects of salt stress in Ephedra aphylla. The plants were exposed to 75 and 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) stress with and without application of AMF. Salt stress caused significant decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents; however, the application of AMF restored the pigments content in salt-affected plants. Proline, phenols, and lipid peroxidation were increased with increasing concentration of NaCl, but lower accumulation has been reported in plants treated with AMF. NaCl stress also showed increase in different antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase), and further increase was observed in plants treated with AMF. The nutrient uptake, Na + and Na/K ratio increased and potassium and phosphorus were decreased with increasing concentration of NaCl in the present study. However, the colonization with AMF significantly increased K + and P and reduced Na + uptake. It is concluded that presown soil treatment with AMF reduced severity of salt stress in E. aphylla through alterations in physiological parameters, antioxidants and uptake of nutrients.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Ephedra aphylla; salinity; antioxidant enzymes; ion accumulation IntroductionDesertification or the disappearance of vegetation from arid land is an increasing problem worldwide including Saudi Arabia (SA). Abiotic stress leads to loss of natural resources such as plant biomass, biodiversity, and imparts a great role in global warming. Among the abiotic stresses, salinity is one of the main factor that contributes to desertification of arid lands. Soil salinization has become a great challenge for rehabilitation of range lands and plant productivity (Alqarawi et al. 2014). Salinity not only reduces yield of plants but also disrupts the ecological balance of the area. Stress tolerance of plants is a complex phenomenon involving changes at morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels and are undoubtedly the most important response of plants to the adverse environmental conditions (Rasool, Hameed, et al. 2013;Shaheen et al. 2013;Ahmad et al. 2014;Alqarawi et al. 2014). Salinity causes nutritional disorders in plants which lead to deficiencies of several nutrients and drastically increasing Na + levels in the plant cells (Iqbal & Ashraf 2013). The adverse effects of salt stress causes imbalance in the synthesis of endogenous plant growth regulators (PGR), hence a number of changes take place which disturb growth and physiological processes such as plant cell permeability, respiration, energy transport, and photosynthesis in plant cells (Ahmad et al. 2012;Iqbal & Ashraf 2013). Moreover, the salt stress also causes oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ions, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radical. These ROS cause deleterious effects on mitoc...

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Analysis of salinity‐induced metabolome changes in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) roots and shoots: hydroponic versus microplot cultivation

Zayed,

Goyal,

Kiran

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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BackgroundBrassica juncea L. (family Brassicaceae) or Indian mustard is a fast‐growing oilseed crop. Climate changes mean that it is very important to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on B. juncea. The aim of this study was therefore to show the metabolic effect of salinity stress on shoots and roots using two cultivation models – hydroponic and microplot – in different cultivars, including RH‐725 and RH‐761. Salinity levels of 5, 7.5, and 10 dS m⁻¹ were investigated, and compared with a control of 0 dS m⁻¹, using untargeted metabolomics with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) post‐silylation, focusing on metabolic markers such as proline and glycine‐betaine.ResultsA total of 56 metabolites were identified, with the most prevalent classes belonging to sugars (8), followed by organic acids (13), amino acids (11), and fatty acids/esters (11). Shoots were found to have a higher sugar content than roots. Increases in unsaturated fatty acids were also associated with salinity stress, compared with a decrease in saturated fatty acids. Absolute levels of proline and glycine‐betaine correlated with salinity stress, with the largest increases detected in shoots grown under hydroponic conditions, particularly for the RH‐761 cultivar. Multivariate data analyses revealed that roots were more affected than shoots, regardless of cultivation model.ConclusionThese findings might explain the different metabolic behavior of B. juncea's roots and shoots under various levels of salinity, associated with higher levels of free sugars in shoots and lipids in roots. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Effect of salinity on moisture content, pigment system, and lipid composition inEphedra alataDecne

Cited by 72 publications

References 45 publications

Closely related intertidal and deep-sea Halomonhystera species have distinct fatty acid compositions

Closely related intertidal and deep-sea Halomonhystera species have distinct fatty acid compositions

Alleviation of salt-induced adverse impact via mycorrhizal fungi inEphedra aphyllaForssk

Analysis of salinity‐induced metabolome changes in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) roots and shoots: hydroponic versus microplot cultivation

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