Effect of salinity on the biosynthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in silverside Chirostoma estor

Fonseca-Madrigal, Jorge; Pineda-Delgado, D; Martı́nez-Palacios, Carlos A.; Rodrı́guez, Covadonga; Tocher, Douglas R.

doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9589-6

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A previous study suggested that C. estor had an active LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway that enabled this species to endogenously synthesize DHA from PUFA precursors ( 43 ). Here, we provide robust data supporting a likely molecular mechanism demonstrating that C. estor expresses genes encoding enzymatic activities that would enable the synthesis of DHA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Clearly, the C. estor Elovl5 can support all the elongation reactions required for DHA biosynthesis through the ⌬ 4 pathway. Taken together, the functional characterization data for Elovl5, Fads2a, and Fads2b, and the biochemical assays with radiolabeled PUFA substrates ( 43 ), predicts a putative pathway of biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs in C. estor from dietary essential C 18 PUFAs, 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 ( Fig. 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This suggested that C. estor either selectively accumulates DHA, or has the capacity to convert EPA or other n-3 PUFAs to DHA ( 7 ). Interestingly, the activity of the LC-PUFA synthesis pathway in C. estor was very low in freshwater (0 parts per thousand salinity) in comparison to that in higher salinity (5 or 15 parts per thousand ), and this was unexpected for a freshwater fi sh, as they generally show appreciable LC-PUFA synthesis activity ( 43 ). kit, GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK), digested with the corresponding restriction enzymes (Promega) and ligated into a similarly restricted pYES2 yeast expression vector (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK).…”

Section: Cloning Of Fatty Acyl Desaturases and Elongase From C Estormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification of substrate specificities in teleostei Fads2: characterization of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 desaturases of Chirostoma estor

Fonseca-Madrigal

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Hontoria

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

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Biosynthesis of long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) in vertebrates involves sequential desaturation and elongation of C 18 PUFA, linoleic acid (LOA; 18:2n-6), and ␣ -linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n-3) ( 1 ). Synthesis of arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and EPA (20:5n-3) from LOA and LNA, respectively, utilizes the same enzymes and pathways. The pre dominant pathway involves ⌬ 6 desaturation of LOA or LNA to 18:3n-6/18:4n-3 that are elongated to 20:3n-6/20:4n-3 followed by ⌬ 5 desaturation to ARA/EPA ( 1 ), but an alternative pathway with initial elongation of LOA or LNA followed by ⌬ 8 desaturation, an inherent ability of some ⌬ 6 desaturases, may be possible ( 2 ). Biosynthesis of DHA (22:6n-3) from EPA can also occur by two pathways. First, the so-called "Sprecher pathway" involves two sequential elongation steps from EPA to 24:5n-3 and a subsequent ⌬ 6 desaturation to 24:6n-3, followed by peroxisomal chain shortening ( 3 ). Second, a more direct pathway has been postulated in some marine fi sh that involves elongation of EPA to docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) followed by ⌬ 4 desaturation to DHA ( 4,5 ).Dietary PUFAs are essential in fi sh, although requirements vary with species ( 6, 7 ). Generally, C 18 PUFAs can satisfy essential FA requirements of freshwater and salmonid species, but most marine fi sh have a requirement for LC-PUFAs such as EPA and DHA ( 8 ). Differing essential FA requirements have been linked to differences in the complement of fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongase of very longchain FA (Elovl) genes ( 9-31 ). Thus, the dependence of Abstract Currently existing data show that the capability for long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in teleost fi sh is more diverse than in other vertebrates. Such diversity has been primarily linked to the subfunctionalization that teleostei fatty acyl desaturase (Fads)2 desaturases have undergone during evolution. We previously showed that Chirostoma estor , one of the few representatives of freshwater atherinopsids, had the ability for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C 18 PUFA precursors, in agreement with this species having unusually high contents of DHA. The particular ancestry and pattern of LC-PUFA biosynthesis activity of C. estor make this species an excellent model for study to gain further insight into LC-PUFA biosynthetic abilities among teleosts. The present study aimed to characterize cDNA sequences encoding fatty acyl elongases and desaturases, key genes involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Results show that C. estor expresses an elongase of very long-chain FA (Elovl)5 elongase and two Fads2 desaturases displaying ⌬ 4 and ⌬ 6/ ⌬ 5 specifi cities, thus allowing us to conclude that these three genes cover all the enzymatic abilities required for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C 18 PUFA. In addition, the specifi cities of the C. estor Fads2 enabled us to propose potential evolutionary patterns and mechanisms for subfunctionalization of Fads2 among fi sh lineages. -GA-2010-276916, LONGFA). Additional funding was obtained from CONACYT, Mexico (INSAM FOINS 102/201...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Cloning Of Fatty Acyl Desaturases and Elongase From C Estormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification of substrate specificities in teleostei Fads2: characterization of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 desaturases of Chirostoma estor

Fonseca-Madrigal

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Hontoria

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…High salinities, for example, have an opposite effect on FA composition compared to high pressure and a low temperature [3,38,49]. A recent study revealed that increased salinities can also result in increased DHA and EPA proportions [21]. Moreover, synchronous effects of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and salinity on FA composition have been previously observed [37].…”

Section: Fa Composition Of E Colimentioning

confidence: 95%

Closely related intertidal and deep-sea Halomonhystera species have distinct fatty acid compositions

Campenhout

Vanreusel

2016

Helgol Mar Res

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The deep-sea free-living nematode Halomonhystera hermesi, dominant in the sulphidic sediments of the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (1280 m, Barent sea slope), is part of the mainly estuarine Halomonhystera disjuncta species complex consisting of five cryptic species (GD1-GD5). Cryptic species have a very similar morphology raising questions on their specific environmental differences. This study analyzed total fatty acid (FA) compositions of H. hermesi and GD1, one of H. hermesi's closest relatives. Additionally, we experimentally investigated the effect of a temperature reduction, salinity increase and sulphide concentrations on GD1's FA composition. Because nematodes are expected to have low amounts of storage FA, total FA compositions most likely reflect FA contents of cellular membranes. The deep-sea nematode H. hermesi had significantly lower saturation levels and increased highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFAs) proportions due to the presence of docosahexanoic acid (DHA-22:6ω3) and higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-20:5ω3) proportions. HUFAs were absent in H. hermesi's food source indicating the ability and need for this nematode to synthesize HUFAs in a deep-sea environment. Our experimental data revealed that only a decrease in temperature resulted in lower saturated fatty acids proportions, indicating that the FA content of H. hermesi is most likely a response to temperature but not to sulphide concentrations or salinity differences. In experimental nematodes, EPA proportions were low and DHA was absent indicating that other factors than temperature, salinity and sulphides mediate the presence of these HUFAs in H. hermesi.

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“…It has been previously suggested that a high content of linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in Chlorella-enriched rotifers could explain this performance because C. estor has the capacity of synthesizing DHA and EPA from linolenic acid provided by the microalgae (Mart ınez- Palacios et al 2006;Fonseca-Madrigal et al 2012). It has been previously suggested that a high content of linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in Chlorella-enriched rotifers could explain this performance because C. estor has the capacity of synthesizing DHA and EPA from linolenic acid provided by the microalgae (Mart ınez- Palacios et al 2006;Fonseca-Madrigal et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing initial feeding of the Pike silversideChirostoma estor: oil droplet depletion, point of no return, growth and fatty acid utilization in larvae fed enriched rotifers

et al. 2014

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The point of no return (PNR) and disappearance of the oil droplet were measured in Chirostoma estor larvae as a function of the time of first feeding. In a separate trial, growth and survival of larvae fed rotifers enriched with Chlorella sp., cod liver oil and corn oil were assessed. Fatty acid and lipid composition of eggs, oil droplets, egg yolk, feed and larvae were also evaluated. The PNR was found between 7 and 8 days posthatching (dph). Total oil droplet depletion occurred between 7 and 11 dph, depending on the time of first feeding. Best growth and survival were obtained in larvae fed with Chlorella‐enriched rotifers, followed by those fed cod liver oil‐enriched rotifers. In larvae fed corn oil, Chlorella and cod liver oil‐enriched rotifers, total oil droplet depletion took place on days 9, 10 and 11, respectively. There was a direct relationship between presence and duration of oil droplets and the survival of larvae under different starvation conditions. The feed source could prolong the existence of the oil droplet depending on particular dietary supply of essential fatty acids; the time of its disappearance could be a useful indicator of larval vigour and health status.

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Effect of salinity on the biosynthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in silverside Chirostoma estor

Abstract: 23The genus Chirostoma (silversides) belongs to the family Atherinopsidae, which

Cited by 45 publications

References 49 publications

Diversification of substrate specificities in teleostei Fads2: characterization of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 desaturases of Chirostoma estor

Diversification of substrate specificities in teleostei Fads2: characterization of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 desaturases of Chirostoma estor

Closely related intertidal and deep-sea Halomonhystera species have distinct fatty acid compositions

Optimizing initial feeding of the Pike silversideChirostoma estor: oil droplet depletion, point of no return, growth and fatty acid utilization in larvae fed enriched rotifers

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