Effect of salivary supernatant on the glycolytic activity of the bacteria in salivary sediment

Kleinberg, I.; Craw, D.; Komiyama, K

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(73)90050-2

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Rapid glucose utilization and conversion to lactate and acetate was also shown in this CDM for S. mutans and fresh plaque samples derived from children using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques [21,59]. These results confirm that our in vitro model system shows a similar physiological response to a glucose challenge as previously described for dental plaque and in vitro -tested salivary sediments [60,61]. Overall, the response of this model biofilm is consistent with dental plaque containing species capable of lowering and also raising the pH.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

An in vitrobiofilm model system maintaining a highly reproducible species and metabolic diversity approaching that of the human oral microbiome

et al. 2013

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BackgroundOur knowledge of microbial diversity in the human oral cavity has vastly expanded during the last two decades of research. However, much of what is known about the behavior of oral species to date derives from pure culture approaches and the studies combining several cultivated species, which likely does not fully reflect their function in complex microbial communities. It has been shown in studies with a limited number of cultivated species that early oral biofilm development occurs in a successional manner and that continuous low pH can lead to an enrichment of aciduric species. Observations that in vitro grown plaque biofilm microcosms can maintain similar pH profiles in response to carbohydrate addition as plaque in vivo suggests a complex microbial community can be established in the laboratory. In light of this, our primary goal was to develop a robust in vitro biofilm-model system from a pooled saliva inoculum in order to study the stability, reproducibility, and development of the oral microbiome, and its dynamic response to environmental changes from the community to the molecular level.ResultsComparative metagenomic analyses confirmed a high similarity of metabolic potential in biofilms to recently available oral metagenomes from healthy subjects as part of the Human Microbiome Project. A time-series metagenomic analysis of the taxonomic community composition in biofilms revealed that the proportions of major species at 3 hours of growth are maintained during 48 hours of biofilm development. By employing deep pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to investigate this biofilm model with regards to bacterial taxonomic diversity, we show a high reproducibility of the taxonomic carriage and proportions between: 1) individual biofilm samples; 2) biofilm batches grown at different dates; 3) DNA extraction techniques and 4) research laboratories.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that we now have the capability to grow stable oral microbial in vitro biofilms containing more than one hundred operational taxonomic units (OTU) which represent 60-80% of the original inoculum OTU richness. Previously uncultivated Human Oral Taxa (HOT) were identified in the biofilms and contributed to approximately one-third of the totally captured 16S rRNA gene diversity. To our knowledge, this represents the highest oral bacterial diversity reported for an in vitro model system so far. This robust model will help investigate currently uncultivated species and the known virulence properties for many oral pathogens not solely restricted to pure culture systems, but within multi-species biofilms.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

An in vitrobiofilm model system maintaining a highly reproducible species and metabolic diversity approaching that of the human oral microbiome

et al. 2013

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“…Although plaque contains other basic ammonia compounds such as ornithine and polyamines, ammonia is the major base, generated from ureolysis (48), Stickland fermentation reactions (49), and the arginine deaminase system (15). The degradation of arginine-containing peptides derived from the diet or proteins in saliva by the arginine deaminase system provides a major source of ammonia in plaque (15, 46,50).…”

Section: Alkaline Production In Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological mechanisms of early childhood caries

Seow

1998

Comm Dent Oral Epid

220

161

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Abstract— The present paper reviews biological issues in early childhood caries (ECC) in light of the current understanding of the field. Despite the general global decline in dental caries in the past decades, ECC has become a significant problem in many developing countries and some minority communities in western industrialized nations. Like other types of caries, ECC is caused by mutans streptococci that ferment dietary carbohydrates to produce acid attacks on susceptible teeth over a period of time. However, while the general etiology of ECC appears similar to that of other types of caries, the predisposing factors are still unclear. The biology of ECC may be modified by several factors unique to young children, related to the implantation of cariogenic bacteria, immaturity of the host defense systems, as well as behavioral patterns associated with feeding and oral hygiene in early childhood.

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“…Such a substance is sialin-a small tetrapeptide-containing arginine present in parotid saliva (Kleinberg et al, 1973). Such a substance is sialin-a small tetrapeptide-containing arginine present in parotid saliva (Kleinberg et al, 1973).…”

Section: Ph-increasing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries-Protective Factors in Saliva

Lagerlöf

1994

Adv Dent Res.

104

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Saliva influences caries attack mainly by its rate of flow and by its content of fluoride. The salivary flow rate influences to a high degree the rate of oral and salivary clearance of bacterial substrates included in foods and snacks. This influence is site-dependent. The basal salivary fluoride concentration is low, about 1 mumol/L, independent of salivary flow rate, and not influenced by diurnal variation. After an exposure of the oral cavity to fluoride, the increased fluoride level is decreased by a process influenced mainly by the salivary flow rate and the volumes of saliva in the mouth before and after swallowing. Other less important caries-protective factors in saliva include its buffer ability, its content of calcium, inorganic phosphate, pH-increasing substances, and anti-microbial agents.

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Effect of salivary supernatant on the glycolytic activity of the bacteria in salivary sediment

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

An in vitrobiofilm model system maintaining a highly reproducible species and metabolic diversity approaching that of the human oral microbiome

An in vitrobiofilm model system maintaining a highly reproducible species and metabolic diversity approaching that of the human oral microbiome

Biological mechanisms of early childhood caries

Caries-Protective Factors in Saliva

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