Effect of salt addition on hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass

Mesoporous activated carbons with enhanced porosity by optimal hydrothermal pre-treatment of biomass for supercapacitor applications

“…The presence of OFG on these hydrochar materials makes them suitable for numerous applications such as adsorption [1,2], drug delivery [3], in vivo bio-imaging [3,4], catalyst support [5][6][7], activated carbon (AC) synthesis [8][9][10], etc. A variety of catalysts have been used for the hydrothermal treatment of biomass to obtain specific products with desired properties at economically favorable processing conditions (reduced temperature and time) [11][12][13]. For example, Cui et al reported that the presence of Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 and Fe 2 O 3 catalyzed the formation of hydrochar from biomass by promoting dehydration and condensation reactions and resulted in the BET surface area of 113 m 2 g -1 and 402 m 2 g -1 , respectively [14].…”

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

“…This is another indication of cellulose being reacted rather than lignin. Atomic carbon concentration in lignin is much higher than that of cellulose [24][25][26][27][28][29] . As a result, HTC biochar has an HHV of 29.6 MJ/kg, which are 61% higher than raw straw and 32% higher than dry digestate, respectively.…”

Sustainable conversion of waste biomass using hydrothermal carbonization method

“…Postupak se može odvijati direktno (samo biomasa i voda) ili uz dodatak katalizatora (najčešće limunska kiselina ili metalni joni). Dodatak katalizatora poboljšava fizičko-hemijske karakteristike hidročađi, smanjuje reakcioni pritisak, temperaturu, kao i potreban maseni odnos čvrste biomase i procesne vode [12, 13,14]. Međutim, pri izboru katalizatora treba biti veoma oprezan jer može izazvati nagrizanje reaktora.…”