Effect of sampling methods, effective population size and migration rate estimation in Glossina palpalis palpalis from Cameroon

Mélachio, Tanekou Tito Trésor; Njiokou, Flobert; Ravel, Sophie; Simo, Gustave; Solano, Philippe; Meeûs, Thierry De

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.04.023

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the last decade, several data sets have provided the opportunity for such inferences for different tsetse fly species in different countries in Africa: Glossina palpalis 3 gambiensis along the northern reaches [13] and the southern reaches of the Mouhoun River [14] in Burkina-Faso (in one dimension=1D, see Box 2); G. palpalis palpalis in Cameroon (two dimensions=2D, see Box 2) [11,15]; G. palpalis gambiensis and G. tachinoides in Southern Burkina Faso (2D) across river basins [9]; G. tachinoides in Ghana (2D) [7]; G. fuscipes fuscipes from Uganda [12,16], in Tanzania and Kenya [17] (2D); G. pallidipes from Kenya Nguruman escarpment and Ruma [18] and from the Serengeti Park Reserve in Tanzania (2D) [10]. This offered the opportunity to check if any relationship existed between these different inferences of population density and dispersal.…”

Section: Tsetse Fly Control and Population Genetics Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Density-dependent Dispersal in Tsetse Flies: A Risk for Control Campaigns?

Meeûs¹,

Ravel²,

Solano³

et al. 2019

Trends in Parasitology

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Tsetse flies are vectors of parasites that cause diseases responsible for significant economic losses and health issues in sub-Saharan Africa, including sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in domestic animals. Efficient vector control campaigns require good knowledge of the demographic parameters of the targeted populations. In the last decade, population genetics emerged as a convenient way to measure population densities and dispersal in tsetse flies. Here by revealing a strong negative density-dependent dispersal in two dimensions, we suggest that control campaigns might unleash dispersal from untreated areas. If confirmed by direct measurement of dispersal before and after control campaigns, area wide and/or sequential treatments of neighboring sites will be necessary to prevent this issue.

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Section: Tsetse Fly Control and Population Genetics Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Density-dependent Dispersal in Tsetse Flies: A Risk for Control Campaigns?

Meeûs¹,

Ravel²,

Solano³

et al. 2019

Trends in Parasitology

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“…Similar results have been reported also for other riverine tsetse species in West Africa which include G. tachinoides in Ghana [35, 36], G. p. gambiensis in Niayes-Senegal [9, 37] and G. p. palpalis in Cote d’Ivore [38]. However different results of similar species ( G. p. palpalis ) in Cameroon indicated the species formed a large panmixia population suggesting suppression to be the best option for the vector control [7]. In contrast to other riverine tsetse species, G. swynnertoni , a savannah species from northern Tanzania, have been reported to have the high level of gene flow [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The annual losses, in terms of reduced meat and milk production and in terms of the costs related to treatment and controlling the disease, have been estimated at US $1.2 billion [5]. No vaccine has been developed for the disease to date both for humans and cattle due to the ability of trypanosome parasites to change their surface proteins by antigenic variation [6, 7]. Drugs which are used to treat cattle have been used for long time; as a result drug resistance is increasing rapidly which in the long run will seriously affect the use of these drugs for animal trypanosomiasis control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, population structure of G. p. palpalis in Burkina Faso and G. p. gambiensis in Equatorial Guinea indicated high gene flow compared to other riverine tsetse species [20, 21]. Similarly, population structure study on the same species in Cameroon indicated the species had heterozygote deficit suggesting suppression to be the best option to control the tsetse species in the area [7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes along the shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania and Kenya: implications for management

Manangwa¹,

Nkwengulila²,

Ouma³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundTsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are sole vectors for trypanosomiasis, which affect human health and livestock productivity in Africa. Little is known about the genetic diversity of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, which is an important species in Tanzania and Kenya. The main objective of the study was to provide baseline data to determine the genetic variability and divergence of G. f. fuscipes in the Lake Victoria basin of Tanzania and Kenya in order to guide future vector control efforts in the region.FindingsTwo hundred and seventy five G. f. fuscipes from 8 sites along the shores of Lake Victoria were screened for genetic polymorphisms at 19 microsatellite loci. Samples were collected from two sites in Kenya and six sites in Tanzania. Four of the Tanzanian sites were located in the Rorya district, on the eastern shores of Lake Victoria, while the other two sites were from Ukerewe and Bukoba districts from the southern and western Lake Victoria shores, respectively. Four genetically distinct allopatric clusters were revealed by microsatellite analysis, which sorted the sampling sites according to geography, with sites separated by as little as ~65 km belonging to distinct genetic clusters, while samples located within ~35 km from each other group in the same cluster.ConclusionOur results suggest that there is ongoing genetic admixture within sampling sites located ~35 km from each other, while sites located ~65 km apart are genetically isolated from each other. Similar patterns emerged from a parallel study on G. f. fuscipes analyzed from the Lake Victoria Uganda shores. From a control perspective these results suggest that for sites within the same genetic cluster, control efforts should be carried out in a coordinated fashion in order to avoid re-invasions. Future work should focus on better quantifying the extent and spatial patterns of the observed genetic discontinuities of the G. f. fuscipes populations along the Tanzanian shores. This will aid in their control by providing guidelines on the geographical extent of the area to be treated at the same time.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2201-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…For simplicity, we assumed that the g-HAT focus is surrounded by g-HAT free area uninhabited by humans, with tsetse flies migrating between g-HAT focus and the surrounding areas. Tsetse migration rate was informed by empirical estimates of 0.05 to 0.85 per generation [31,32]. Such a situation is typical of many HAT endemic rural settings in Western and Central Africa, where humans live within small villages surrounded by uninhabited areas suitable to tsetse.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of vector migration on the effectiveness of strategies to control gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSeveral modeling studies have been undertaken to assess the feasibility of the WHO goal of eliminating gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (g-HAT) by 2030. However, these studies have generally overlooked the effect of vector migration on disease transmission and control. Here, we evaluated the impact of vector migration on the feasibility of interrupting transmission in different g-HAT foci.MethodsWe developed a g-HAT transmission model of a single tsetse population cluster that accounts for migration of tsetse fly into this population. We used a model calibration approach to constrain g-HAT incidence to ranges expected for high, moderate and low transmission settings, respectively. We used the model to evaluate the effectiveness of current intervention measures, including medical intervention through enhanced screening and treatment, and vector control, for interrupting g-HAT transmission in disease foci under each transmission setting.ResultsWe showed that, in low transmission settings, under enhanced medical intervention alone, at least 70% treatment coverage is needed to interrupt g-HAT transmission within 10 years. In moderate transmission settings, a combination of medical intervention and a vector control measure with a daily tsetse mortality greater than 0.03 is required to achieve interruption of disease transmission within 10 years. In high transmission settings, interruption of disease transmission within 10 years requires a combination of at least 70% medical intervention coverage and at least 0.05 tsetse daily mortality rate from vector control. However, the probability of achieving elimination in high transmission settings decreases with an increased tsetse migration rate.ConclusionOur results suggest that the WHO 2030 goal of G-HAT elimination is, at least in theory, achievable. But the presence of tsetse migration may reduce the probability of interrupting g-HAT transmission in moderate and high transmission foci. Therefore, optimal vector control programs should incorporate monitoring and controlling of vector density in buffer areas around foci of g-HAT control efforts.

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Effect of sampling methods, effective population size and migration rate estimation in Glossina palpalis palpalis from Cameroon

Cited by 8 publications

References 63 publications

Negative Density-dependent Dispersal in Tsetse Flies: A Risk for Control Campaigns?

Negative Density-dependent Dispersal in Tsetse Flies: A Risk for Control Campaigns?

Genetic diversity of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes along the shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania and Kenya: implications for management

The impact of vector migration on the effectiveness of strategies to control gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

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