Effect of Sb2O3 in brominated heating impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) on thermal degradation and debromination by iron oxide carbon composite catalyst (Fe-C)

Bhaskar, Thallada; Matsui, Toshiki; Uddin, Md. Azhar; Kaneko, Jun; Muto, Akinori; Sakata, Yusaku

doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(02)00306-5

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Bhaskar et al [14] studied the pyrolysis Br-HIPS that was flame retarded with deca-BDE and antimony trioxide and found that the mass balance was 72 wt% oil, 4 wt% gas, and 23 wt% residue. Williams and Bagri [15] have reported that when polystyrene was pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor, the presence of ZSM-5 reduced the mass of oil to 91.6 wt% from 96.6 wt%; Y-Zeolite reduced the mass of oil even further to 70.6 wt%.…”

Section: Materials Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported in the literature that Br-ABS pyrolyses to form an oil that contains 0.71 wt% bromine [21] while Br-HIPS pyrolyses to form an oil that contains 11.5 wt% bromine [14], although it should be noted that the bromine content of pyrolysis oils also depends on the reaction conditions during pyrolysis.…”

Section: Bromine Content Of the Pyrolysis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the pyrolysis oil of plastics which contain antimony trioxide as well as brominated flame contains both organobromine compounds and antimony bromide [3,14,16]. The results presented in table 3 refer to the total bromine content of the pyrolysis oil and to investigate the effect of Zeolite catalysts on the organobromines a GC-ECD was used.…”

Section: Bromine Content Of the Pyrolysis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of organobromine compounds from the pyrolysis oils of flame retarded plastics using zeolite catalysts

Hall

Williams

2008

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Two flame retarded plastics have been pyrolysed in the presence of two Zeolite catalysts to remove the organobromine compounds from the derived pyrolysis oil. The flame retarded plastics were, acrylonitrile -butadiene -styrene (ABS) that was flame retarded with tetrabromobisphenol A and high-impact-polystyrene (HIPS) that was flame retarded with decabromodiphenyl ether. The two catalysts investigated were Zeolite ZSM-5 and Y-Zeolite. Pyrolysis was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at a final pyrolysis temperature of 440 ºC. The pyrolysis gases were passed immediately to a fixed bed of the catalyst bed. It was found that the presence of Zeolite catalysts increased the amount of gaseous hydrocarbons produced during pyrolysis but decreased the amount of pyrolysis oil produced. In addition, significant quantities of coke were formed on the surface of the catalysts during pyrolysis. The Zeolite catalysts were found to reduce the formation of some valuable pyrolysis products such as styrene and cumene, but other products such as naphthalene were formed instead. The Zeolite catalysts, especially Y-Zeolite, were found to be very effective at removing volatile organobromine compounds. However, they were less effective at removing antimony bromide from the volatile pyrolysis products, although some antimony bromide was found on the surfaces of the spent catalysts.

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Section: Materials Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bromine Content Of the Pyrolysis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bromine Content Of the Pyrolysis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of organobromine compounds from the pyrolysis oils of flame retarded plastics using zeolite catalysts

Hall

Williams

2008

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…When antimony trioxide was present, the pyrolysis of Br-HIPS + polypropylene led to the formation of greater amounts of char and less oil/wax and gas compared to when antimony trioxide was absent from the plastic mixture. It is already known from previous studies that Br-HIPS that does not contain antimony trioxide produces large volumes of hydrogen bromide, and therefore an increase in the proportion of gas; whereas the presence of antimony trioxide leads to the formation of antimony bromide and, therefore, an increase in the proportion of oil [12]. However, in this work, less oil was produced when antimony trioxide was present in the plastic mix than when it is absent, this suggests that antimony trioxide reacts with the polypropylene and leads to increased gas and reduced oil formation during pyrolysis.…”

Section: Fixed Bed Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigations have been carried out into the effect that antimony trioxide has on both the pyrolysis products and the fate of the bromine content of plastics during pyrolysis [11,12]. However, there is no work investigating the effect of antimony trioxide on the pyrolysis products when brominated plastics are mixed with polypropylene and polyethylene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The co-pyrolysis of flame retarded high impact polystyrene and polyolefins

Hall

Mitan

Bhaskar

et al. 2007

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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The co-pyrolysis of brominated high impact polystyrene (Br-HIPS) with polyolefins using a fixed bed reactor has been investigated, in particular, the effect that different types brominated aryl compounds and antimony trioxide have on the pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis products were analysed using FT-IR, GC-FID, GC-MS, and GC-ECD. Liquid chromatography was used to separate the oils/waxes so that a more detailed analysis of the aliphatic, aromatic, and polar fractions could be carried out. It was found that interaction occurs between Br-HIPS and polyolefins during copyrolysis and that the presence of antimony trioxide influences the pyrolysis mass balance. Analysis of the Br-HIPS + polyolefin co-pyrolysis products showed that the presence of polyolefins led to an increase in the concentration of alkyl and vinyl mono-substituted benzene rings in the pyrolysis oil/wax resulting from Br-HIPS pyrolysis. The presence of Br-HIPS also had an impact on the oil/wax products of polyolefin pyrolysis, particularly on the polyethylene oil/wax composition which converted from being a mixture of 1-alkenes and n-alkanes to mostly n-alkanes. Antimony trioxide had very little impact on the polyolefin wax/oil composition but it did suppress the formation of styrene and alpha-methyl styrene and increase the formation of ethylbenzene and cumene during the pyrolysis of the Br-HIPS.

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