Effect of scallop shells and sediment grain size on phytoplankton flux to the bed

Pilditch, Conrad A.; Emerson, Craig; Grant, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/s0278-4343(97)00050-2

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Degradable organic particles, e.g. phytoplankton cells, are retained in the uppermost sediment layer in permeable sediment when water is filtered through the bed due to drainage or bottom current driven sediment percolation (Pilditch et al 1997, Huettel & Rusch 2000. The degradation of this material may only cause a nonsignificant change in the nutrient concentration at the lower flat site due to the relatively high background concentrations; however, it may have caused the noticeable seasonal changes in the DOC concentration at that site and also at the upper flat site.…”

Section: Differences Between the Upper And Lower Sand Flat Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surficial and deep pore water circulation governs spatial and temporal scales of nutrient recycling in intertidal sand flat sediment

Billerbeck¹,

Ulrich²,

Polerecký³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

128

159

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This study addresses organic matter decomposition in permeable sediment of a sloping intertidal sand flat (German Wadden Sea) affected by current-induced pore water exchange and pore fluid drainage. Seasonal and spatial scales of aerobic and anaerobic mineralization were investigated at 2 sites, one near the water line and one on the upper flat. Hydrodynamic forcing during inundation caused deeper oxygen penetration through flushing of the uppermost sediment layer. This flushing resulted in higher areal oxygen consumption rates and lower depth integrated sulfate reduction rates in the submerged flat compared to the rates measured during exposure. Mineralization rates in the top 15 cm of the sediment were similar between both study sites and ranged from 38 (winter) to 280 mmol C m -2 d -1 (summer), with sulfate reduction contributing 3 to 25% to total mineralization, depending on the season. At the upper flat, these seasonal differences were reflected in the pore water concentrations of nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Near the low water line, however, pore water nutrient and DIC concentrations were independent of the season and up to 15 times higher compared to the values recorded in the upper flat. The differences in concentrations of metabolic products between the 2 sites resulted from a low tide drainage extending deep below the uppermost flushed layer and causing seepage of pore water near the low water line. Mineralization and nutrient release in these permeable intertidal sediments is affected by 2 circulation processes that work on distinctly different temporal and spatial scales: (1) rapid 'skin circulation' through the uppermost sediment layer during inundation that is characterized by short flow paths, low pore water residence time and immediate feedback to the ecosystem, and (2) slow 'body circulation' through deeper sediment layers during low tide that is characterized by long flow paths and pore water residence times, and acts as a buffered nutrient source to the ecosystem.

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Section: Differences Between the Upper And Lower Sand Flat Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surficial and deep pore water circulation governs spatial and temporal scales of nutrient recycling in intertidal sand flat sediment

Billerbeck¹,

Ulrich²,

Polerecký³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

128

159

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“…Since then, this exchange process has been confirmed by several research groups (Harrison et al 1983, Falter & Sansone 2000, Precht & Huettel 2004, Reimers et al 2004, with measured and calculated filtration rates of up to several hundreds of liters m -2 d -1 . This relatively strong interfacial water flow has the potential to carry suspended small particles into the porous sand bed, and several flume and in situ experiments demonstrated that clay particles, fluorescent tracer particles and planktonic algae can be transported into the bed by the interfacial water flows (Packman & Brooks 1995, Pilditch et al 1998, Huettel & Rusch 2000, Packman et al 2000, Packman & Brooks 2001. As oxygen enters the sediment with the same water flows as the particles, and degradation products are removed from the sediment by the porewater flows , this filtration process also promotes a sedimentary environment that is supportive of efficient and rapid degradation of organic particles carried into the bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peridiniella catenata cells were found down to 37 mm (1 and 1.5 m stations), and 52 mm sediment depth (0.5 m station) revealing a rapid vertical transport process. Flume studies conducted by Pilditch et al (1998) and Huettel & Rusch (2000), showed that microalgae are carried several centimeters deep into permeable sands of similar permeabilities by interfacial fluid flows associated with bottom topography. The relatively rapid interfacial transport processes in the rippled sand bed produced a tight spatial and temporal coupling between algal cell concentrations in the water column and the sediment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and degradation of a dinoflagellate bloom in permeable sublittoral sediment

Huettel¹,

Cook²,

Janßen³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Filtration of planktonic algal cells from the water column into permeable sublittoral sediment and the fate of the cells in the shallow sands were studied during a red tide produced by the dinoflagellate Peridinella catenata at Hel Peninsula/Baltic in May 2004. Advective porewater flows associated with ripple topography of the bed caused rapid transport of algal cells down to 5 cm sediment depth. Sedimentary concentrations of algal cells mirrored algal concentrations in the overlying water column with increases and decreases within the upper 3 cm of the bed occurring within a few hours. Sedimentary algal uptake and release significantly differed between stations only 15 m laterally apart. Laboratory sediment-column experiments with 13 C-labeled algal cells revealed algal decomposition at rates of up to 0.2% 13 C h -1 in percolated sands originating from the study site. This was 2 orders of magnitude lower than observed decreases in sediment algal cell C abundance of up to 23% C h -1 after a drop in cell concentrations in the water column. Because bioturbation and ripple migration were negligible, we conclude that advective flushing of the uppermost sediment layer could rapidly remove cells from the sediment. Our results demonstrate close spatial and temporal coupling between algal cell concentrations in the boundary layer and those in the upper 6 cm of permeable sand sediment, and suggest that permeable beds can act as short-term storage buffer for phytoplankton. During passage through the sediment, planktonic algae may benefit from the higher nutrient concentrations available in the porewater. KEY WORDS: Advective transport · Permeable sediment · Phytoplankton bloom · Baltic · Red tide · Peridinella catenata Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 340: [139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] 2007 and calculated filtration rates of up to several hundreds of liters m -2 d -1 . This relatively strong interfacial water flow has the potential to carry suspended small particles into the porous sand bed, and several flume and in situ experiments demonstrated that clay particles, fluorescent tracer particles and planktonic algae can be transported into the bed by the interfacial water flows (Packman & Brooks 1995, Pilditch et al. 1998, Huettel & Rusch 2000, Packman et al. 2000, Packman & Brooks 2001. As oxygen enters the sediment with the same water flows as the particles, and degradation products are removed from the sediment by the porewater flows , this filtration process also promotes a sedimentary environment that is supportive of efficient and rapid degradation of organic particles carried into the bed. According to studies by , Kristensen & Hansen (1995), and Dauwe et al. (2001), the decomposition rate of a large fraction of organic matter buried in marine sands is accelerated by availability of oxygen. Synthesis of the listed findings suggests that shallow permeable shelf beds represent large biocatalytical ...

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“…However, this also implies that under normal conditions, advection could sustain oxygen consumption in excess of the rates measured in this study given a sufficient supply of labile organic matter. Such conditions can be expected during phytoplankton blooms, when fresh organic particles are abundant in the water column and transported into the sediment by means of advection (Pilditch et al 1998;Huettel and Rusch 2000;Rusch et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore‐water advection and solute fluxes in permeable marine sediments (II): Benthic respiration at three sandy sites with different permeabilities (German Bight, North Sea)

Janßen¹,

Huettel²,

Witte³

2005

Limnology & Oceanography

139

102

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This contribution presents total oxygen uptake (TOU) rates and nutrient fluxes of organically poor permeable shelf sands of the German Bight. Measurements have been made in situ with the novel autonomous benthic chamber system Sandy under controlled conditions of advective pore-water exchange. Average oxygen consumption rates of 31.3 Ϯ 18.2 mmol m Ϫ2 d Ϫ1 measured in this study were relatively high as compared with rates reported from shelf sediments with much higher organic contents. TOU of highly permeable medium and coarse grained sands was substantially enhanced in the presence of advection. This indicates that advective oxygen supply contributed significantly to respiration in these sediments and that advection has to be considered when assessing oxygen consumption and organic matter mineralization in shelf areas. In fine-grained, less permeable sands, no effect of advection could be measured. A lower advective oxygen supply in these sediments is in agreement with a release of ammonium instead of nitrate and a shallower oxygen penetration depth. Scaled up to the entire German Bight, the results imply that in 40% of the area an effect of advection on benthic oxygen uptake and other advectionrelated processes can be largely excluded, while in the remaining 60% significant pore-water advection potentially takes place. However, because permeabilities of the sediments investigated in this study were widely spaced, a significant effect on oxygen supply was only verified for highly permeable sands that are likely to cover approximately 3% of the area.Until the 1980s the biogeochemistry of coastal sands has received relatively little attention. Because organic matter content generally decreases with increasing grain size, it seemed that coarse grained sandy deposits lack the substrate to sustain significant biological activity. Sands were therefore considered to be biogeochemical deserts that did not significantly contribute to the cycling of organic matter (Boudreau et al. 2001).A new perception of sandy sediments developed when 1 Corresponding author (fjanssen@mpi-bremen.de).

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Effect of scallop shells and sediment grain size on phytoplankton flux to the bed

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Surficial and deep pore water circulation governs spatial and temporal scales of nutrient recycling in intertidal sand flat sediment

Surficial and deep pore water circulation governs spatial and temporal scales of nutrient recycling in intertidal sand flat sediment

Transport and degradation of a dinoflagellate bloom in permeable sublittoral sediment

Pore‐water advection and solute fluxes in permeable marine sediments (II): Benthic respiration at three sandy sites with different permeabilities (German Bight, North Sea)

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