Effect of scan size and surface roughness on microscale friction measurements

Koinkar, Vilas N.; Bhushan, Bharat

doi:10.1063/1.363954

Cited by 123 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…This dependence was first reported by , and Bhushan (1995) and later discussed in more detail by Koinkar & Bhushan (1997a) and Sundararajan & Bhushan (2000). The ratchet mechanism and the collision effects semi-quantitatively explain the correlation between the slopes of the roughness maps and friction force maps observed.…”

Section: (B ) Microscale Frictionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Bhushan

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are needed to develop fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena on a small scale and to study interfacial phenomena in magnetic storage devices, nanotechnology and other applications. Friction and wear of lightly loaded micro/nanocomponents are highly dependent on the surface interactions (a few atomic layers). These structures are generally coated with molecularly thin films. Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are also valuable in the fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena in macrostructures and provide a bridge between science and engineering. An atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to simulate a single-asperity contact with a solid or lubricated surface. AFMs are used to study the various tribological phenomena that include surface roughness, adhesion, friction, scratching, wear and boundary lubrication. In situ surface characterization of local deformation of materials and thin coatings can be carried out using a tensile stage inside an AFM. Mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus of elasticity and creep/relaxation behaviour can be determined on micro-to picoscales using a depth-sensing indentation system in an AFM.

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Section: (B ) Microscale Frictionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Bhushan

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…14 Autocorrelation function and autocorrelation length ͑ACL͒ have been widely used in surface-related studies [15][16][17][18][19] to provide spatial information in addition to amplitude parameters, such as root-mean-square roughness. Generally, ACL is used to measure how quickly a random event decays or the distance over which two points can be treated as independent in a random process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of autocorrelation length on the real area of contact and friction behavior of rough surfaces

Zhang

Sundararajan

2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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Autocorrelation length (ACL) is a surface roughness parameter that provides spatial information of surfacetopography that is not included in amplitude parameters such as root-mean-square roughness. This paper presents a relationship between ACL and the friction behavior of a rough surface. The influence of ACL on the peak distribution of a profile is studied based on Whitehouse and Archard's classical analysis [Whitehouse and ArchardProc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A316, 97 (1970)] and their results are extended to compare profiles from different surfaces. The probability density function of peaks and the mean peak height of a profile are given as functions of its ACL. These results are used to estimate the number of contact points when a rough surface comes into contact with a flat surface, and it is shown that the larger the ACL of the rough surface, the less the number of contact points. Based on Hertzian contact mechanics, it is shown that the real area of contact increases with increasing of number of contact points. Since adhesivefriction force is proportional to the real area of contact, this suggests that the adhesivefriction behavior of a surface will be inversely proportional to its ACL. Results from microscale friction experiments on polished and etchedsiliconsurfaces are presented to verify the analysis. KeywordsFriction, Adhesion, Etching, Rough surfaces, Silicon, Atomic force microscopy, Surface measurements, Elasticity, Real functions, Topography DisciplinesMechanical Engineering | Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CommentsThe following article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 97 (2005) Autocorrelation length ͑ACL͒ is a surface roughness parameter that provides spatial information of surface topography that is not included in amplitude parameters such as root-mean-square roughness. This paper presents a relationship between ACL and the friction behavior of a rough surface. The influence of ACL on the peak distribution of a profile is studied based on Whitehouse and Archard's classical analysis ͓Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 316, 97 ͑1970͔͒ and their results are extended to compare profiles from different surfaces. The probability density function of peaks and the mean peak height of a profile are given as functions of its ACL. These results are used to estimate the number of contact points when a rough surface comes into contact with a flat surface, and it is shown that the larger the ACL of the rough surface, the less the number of contact points. Based on Hertzian contact mechanics, it is shown that the real area of contact increases with increasing of number of contact points. Since adhesive friction force is proportional to the real area of contact, this suggests that the adhesive friction behavior of a surface will be inversely proportional to its ACL. Results from microscale friction experiments on polished and etched silicon surfaces are presented to verify the analysis.

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“…41,50 In our study, a lack of correlation is evident from the plot of the friction coe cient μ against the average dome size φ (average dome diameter), as shown in Figure 6 (a) at a shear velocity v = 10 µm s −1 . Such lack of correlation is true for the data at all other shear velocities studied.…”

Section: Friction-load Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 59%

Sustained Frictional Instabilities on Nanodomed Surfaces: Stick–Slip Amplitude Coefficient

et al. 2013

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Understanding the frictional properties of nanostructured surfaces is important due to their increasing application in modern miniaturised devices. In this work, lateral force microscopy was used to study the frictional properties between an AFM nanotip and surfaces bearing well-de ned nanodomes comprising densely packed prolate spheroids, of diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometres. Our results show that the average lateral force varied linearly with applied load, as described by Amontons' rst law of friction, although no direct correlation between the sample topographic * To whom correspondence should be addressed † 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 properties and their measured friction coe cients was identi ed. Furthermore, all the nanodomed textures exhibited pronounced oscillations in the shear traces, similar to the classic stick-slip behaviour, under all the shear velocities and load regimes studied. School of Chemistry, University of BristolThat is, the nanotextured topography led to sustained frictional instabilities, e ectively with no contact frictional sliding. The amplitude of the stick-slip oscillations, σ f , was found to correlate with the topographic properties of the surfaces, and scale linearly with the applied load. In line with the friction coe cient, we de ne the slope of this linear plot as the stick-slip amplitude coe cient (SSAC ). We suggest that such stick-slip behaviours are characteristics of surfaces with nanotextures, and that such local frictional instabilities have important implications to surface damage and wear.We thus propose that the shear characteristics of the nanodomed surfaces can not be fully described by the framework of Amontons' laws of friction, and that additional parameters (e.g. σ f and SSAC) are required, when their friction, lubrication and wear properties are important considerations in related nanodevices.

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Effect of scan size and surface roughness on microscale friction measurements

Cited by 123 publications

References 10 publications

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

The effect of autocorrelation length on the real area of contact and friction behavior of rough surfaces

Sustained Frictional Instabilities on Nanodomed Surfaces: Stick–Slip Amplitude Coefficient

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