Effect of Scanning Strategy on Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Laser Direct Energy Deposition

The chapter presents the basic aspects of the use of metal powders in one of the main additive technologies—direct laser deposition (DLD). Direct laser deposition refers to a group of direct energy deposition (DED) methods and is analogous to Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technology. The main requirements applied to DLD used metal powders are analyzed and substantiated. The influence of the basic properties of the powders on the quality of the deposited samples is demonstrated. An example of incoming quality control of powders, allowing its application in DLD technology, is presented. The results of experimental research on obtaining quality control samples for the most used metallic materials are presented. The results of structure and properties studies for the main groups of alloys based on iron, nickel, and titanium are shown. The potential for manufacturing products for various areas of industry using DLD has been demonstrated.

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“…Many studies have shown dependence of the L-DED process parameters on the structure and properties formation in titanium alloys [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the Powder Application in Direct Laser Deposition Technology

Gushchina¹,

Klimova-Korsmik²,

Turichin³

2023

New Advances in Powder Technology

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“…It has been reported that the cooling rate during metal 3D printing controls the grain size of printed components [12]. Smaller grain size can be obtained when the cooling rate is high because the grins do not have enough time to grow.…”

Section: Specimen Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive yield strength estimation for 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V plates using eddy-current measurement

Lim

Lee

Sohn

2023

Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2023

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This study provides the development of a nondestructive yield strength estimation technique for metal 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V components using eddy-current measurement. Based on the relationship between the electrical conductivity and the grain size of the material, and the Hall-Petch relationship, the yield strength of metallic materials can be correlated by eddy-current phase value. First, a theoretical expression for the yield strength using the eddy-current phase value is explicitly derived. Then, for the experimental validation, the specimens with various yield strengths were produced by adjusting the cooling rate during the printing of each specimen. Then, the coefficients in the theoretical expression were estimated using the actual yield strength of specimens obtained via the conventional destructive tensile tests and the eddycurrent phase values. Finally, the yield strength estimation performance was examined using the eddy-current signals obtained from test specimens with unknown yield strengths. The results indicate that the proposed technique can precisely estimate 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V components. The novelty of this study lies in (1) the derivation of an explicit relationship between the eddy-current phase value and the yield strength, (2) nondestructive yield strength estimation technique based on eddy-current testing, and (3) application to 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens with various yield strengths.

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“…With the rapidly changing temperature history after the LMD process, the samples possessed a unique microstructure. During the LMD process, the molten pool rapidly solidified to form prior β grains and continued to cool at a rate of up to 1000 • C/s [28], transforming the prior β grains into α' martensite [29]. The EBSD pattern of the undeformed as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy sample is shown in Figure 5a.…”

Section: Initial Microstructure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Tensile Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Made by Laser Melting Deposition

et al. 2022

Machines

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The combined process of additive manufacturing (AM) and subsequent hot forming technology enables the low-cost and rapid manufacturing of complicated structures with local features that cannot be manufactured monolithically by traditional forming technologies. The thermal deformation properties of as-deposited materials from AM require investigation. In this paper, laser melting deposition (LMD) was used to prepare as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V samples; high-temperature tensile tests for as-deposited titanium alloy were performed at different strain rates (0.001 s−1, 0.005 s−1, 0.01 s−1) and temperatures (650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C) using the electrically assisted high-temperature tensile test system. The results show that the material’s flow stress level was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with strain rate. EBSD and TEM were used to characterize the microstructure of the samples. The acicular martensite in the original material began to disintegrate under the influence of high-temperature tension, coarsening the lamella and splitting the boundary. The proportion of high-angle grain boundaries after deformation increased significantly from 81.4% to 87.5–90.7%. The results of the micromorphology observations indicate that the micro-deformation mechanism for deposited Ti-6Al-4V samples at high temperatures is mostly discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and dynamic spheroidization.

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Effect of Scanning Strategy on Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Laser Direct Energy Deposition

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Features of the Powder Application in Direct Laser Deposition Technology

Features of the Powder Application in Direct Laser Deposition Technology

Nondestructive yield strength estimation for 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V plates using eddy-current measurement

Hot Tensile Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Made by Laser Melting Deposition

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