Effect of GABA on oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles and plasma free amino acids in mice fed high‐fat diet

Abstract

Increased levels of plasma free amino acids (pFAAs) can disturb the blood glucose levels in patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS) and are associated with enhanced protein oxidation. Oxidation of proteins, especially in the muscles, can promote protein degradation and elevate the levels of pFAAs. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a food additive, can reduce high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperglycaemia; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GABA on protein oxidation and pFAAs changes. One hundred male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed with control diet, HFD and HFD supplied with 0.2%, 0.12% and 0.06% GABA in drinking water for 20 weeks respectively. HFD feeding led to muscular oxidative stress, protein oxidation, pFAA disorders, hyperglycaemia and augmented plasma GABA levels. Treatment with GABA restored normally fasting blood glucose level and dose-dependently inhibited body weight gains, muscular oxidation and protein degradation. While medium and low doses of GABA mitigated HFD-induced pFAA disorders, the high dose of GABA deteriorated the pFAA disorders. Medium dose of GABA increased the levels of GABA, but high dose of GABA reduced the levels of plasma GABA and increased the activity of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in the liver. Therefore, treatment with GABA mitigated HFD-induced hyperglycaemia probably by repairing HFD-induced muscular oxidative stress and pFAA disorders in mice. Our data also suggest that an optimal dose of GABA is crucial for the prevention of excess GABA-related decrease in the levels of pFAA and GABA as well as obesity.

Effects of dietary inclusion levels of palm oil on growth performance, antioxidative status and serum cytokines of broiler chickens

“…It has been well documented that high-fat diet amplifies reactive oxygen species generation and decreases antioxidant enzyme activities, leading to increased oxidative stress and finally oxidative stress-associated end-stage tissue injury (Ferreira et al, 2016;Kalmar et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2017;Muthulakshmi & Saravanan, 2013;Xie et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2017). Cells are protected against oxidative stress by a complex antioxidant system present within the cells, which includes SOD, CAT and GSH-Px.…”

“…Palm oil is mainly composed of saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid), oleic acid and linoleic acid (Sundram, Sambanthamurthi, & Tan, ), and it also contains high levels of antioxidants such as β‐carotene, tocotrienols, tocopherols, sterols, squalene, coenzyme Q10 and polyphenols, among which tocotrienols also exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects (May & Nesaretnam, ; Yam, Abdul Hafid, Cheng, & Nesaretnam, ). Dietary supplementation of vegetable oil or animal fat improves production performance of poultry, but high dietary inclusion level of fat especially of fat rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can lead to a decrease in α‐tocopherol content in tissues of poultry (Ruiz, Pérez‐Vendrell, & Esteve‐García, ; Sijben et al, ; Surai & Sparks, ; Villaverde, Baucells, Manzanilla, & Barroeta, ) and an increase in lipid peroxidation, inflammatory response and tissue injuries in animals (Ferreira, Spolidorio, Manthey, & Cesar, ; Kalmar et al, ; Liu et al, ; Xie, Xia, Qiao, Shi, & Le, ; Zhou et al, ). Most studies involving dietary fat or oil levels and sources feeding in poultry are focused on the effects on production performance, fat deposition, meat quality and tissue fatty acid composition in birds.…”

Effect of γ-aminobutyric acid supplementation on growth performance, endocrine hormone and stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed low fishmeal diet

“…), 0.12% GABA repaired the damage caused by high‐fat diet and increased the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px in mice (Xie et al . ,b), exogenous GABA also alleviating oxidative stress caused by H + and Al 3+ toxicities in barley seedlings by activating antioxidant defence responses (Song et al . ), which were similar to our present results.…”

“…Some NEAA are rich in fishmeal, but deficient in plant protein sources, so that corn‐based or soybean meal‐based diet may lead to a deficiency of them when the synthesize speed could not meet the demand of metabolism in some animals (Park ; Xie et al . ,b).…”

Serial Plasma Metabolites Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in a Nonhuman Primate Model

“…Plasma GABA is a known marker of several metabolic and psychiatric disorders [38–42]. We speculate that elevated butanoic acid levels in the asphyxiated infants reflect compromise of the blood brain barrier and/or diminished liver degradation.…”