Effect ofAloe veraapplication on the content and molecular arrangement of glycosaminoglycans during calcaneal tendon healing

Abstract

Although several treatments for tendon lesions have been proposed, successful tendon repair remains a great challenge for orthopedics, especially considering the high incidence of re-rupture of injured tendons. Our aim was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of Aloe vera on the content and arrangement of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during tendon healing, which was based on the effectiveness of A. vera on collagen organization previously observed by our group. In rats, a partial calcaneal tendon transection was performed with subsequent topical A. vera application at the injury site. The tendons were treated with A. vera ointment for 7 days and excised on the 7 th , 14 th , or 21 st day post-surgery. Control rats received ointment without A. vera. A higher content of GAGs and a lower amount of dermatan sulfate were detected in the A. vera-treated group on the 14 th day compared with the control. Also at 14 days post-surgery, a lower dichroic ratio in toluidine blue stained sections was observed in A. vera-treated tendons compared with the control. No differences were observed in the chondroitin-6-sulfate and TGF-b1 levels between the groups, and higher amount of non-collagenous proteins was detected in the A. vera-treated group on the 21 st day, compared with the control group. No differences were observed in the number of fibroblasts, inflammatory cells and blood vessels between the groups. The application of A. vera during tendon healing modified the arrangement of GAGs and increased the content of GAGs and non-collagenous proteins. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:964-973, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). V V C 2014 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE 77:964-973 (2014)

Transected Tendon Treated with a New Fibrin Sealant Alone or Associated with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

“…The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine (90 mg/Kg) and Xylazine (12 mg/Kg) and the right lower paws submitted to antisepsis and trichotomy. To expose the calcaneus tendon, a longitudinal incision was made in the animal’s skin, followed by transverse partial transection performed in the proximal tendon region (predominantly subjected to tension forces) located at a distance of 4 mm from its insertion in the calcaneus bone [11,46,47,48,49,50,51]. Approximately 3.7 × 10 5 ASCs in the 5P were resuspended in 15 μL of DMPBS and transplanted in the transected region of tendons in the ASC group, using a pipette.…”

Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents

“…Regarding diseases of the musculoskeletal system, aloe-emodin showed to reduce viable cell numbers (concentrations ≥10 µM) and to induce apoptosis by arresting G2/M phase (concentrations ≥20 µM) in MH7A human synovial fibroblast-like cells, aloe-emodin being a promising agent to treat rheumatoid arthritis and a complementary treatment to methotrexate [127]. Moreover, Aloe vera lyophilized extract ointment reduced tendon lesions and increased non-collagenous proteins in Wistar rats with partial transection of the calcaneal tendon [128].…”

Low‐level laser and adipose‐derived stem cells altered remodelling genes expression and improved collagen reorganization during tendon repair

“…Possibly, the association of treatments was less effective because both therapies present anti‐inflammatory effects . After lesion, the release of several growth factors and cytokines during the inflammation process is responsible for activation of genes responsible for the matrix remodelling . This hypothesis, although speculative, can be considered a limitation of the present study, in which no signalling pathways related to inflammation were analysed at the beginning of the repair process.…”

“…The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine (90 mg/Kg) and Xylazine (12 mg/Kg), and the right lower paws submitted to antisepsis and trichotomy. A transverse partial transection (approximately 2/3 of the extent of the injury in depth) was performed in the proximal tendon region located at a distance of 4 mm from its insertion in the calcaneus bone (Figure ) . Approximately 4.5 × 10 5 ASCs (5‐6P) were resuspended in 30 μL of DMPBS Flush and transplanted in the transected region (TR) of tendons in the SC and SCL groups, using a pipette.…”

“…A transverse partial transection (approximately 2/3 of the extent of the injury in depth) was performed in the proximal tendon region located at a distance of 4 mm from its insertion in the calcaneus bone (Figure 1). [17][18][19] Approximately 4.5 × 10 5 ASCs (5-6P) were resuspended in 30 μL of DMPBS Flush and transplanted in the transected region (TR) of tendons in the SC and SCL groups, using a pipette. In tendons of T and L groups, only 30 μL of DMPBS Flush was applied.…”