Effect of TESPT on viscoelastic and mechanical properties with the morphology of SSBR / BR hybrid nanocomposites

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The present research outlines the novel finite element analysis of green tire tread compounds based on solution styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber (SSBR/BR) reinforced with a hybrid silica/carbon black filler system. For this purpose, a series of micromodels using representative volume elements (RVEs) were developed. The silica/carbon black ratio with a constant value of the reinforcement and considering periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) were established. The distribution of the reinforcing fillers in the matrix was inspired by transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs. A nonlinear hyperviscoelastic model was considered for the matrix and interphase zones and a linear elastic model for the reinforcement phase to predict the dissipation behavior at a moderate to high strain regime. To confirm the accuracy of the proposed model, the RVEs of hybrid systems were simulated and then compared with experimental data. The results showed that the proposed model is capable to predict the mechanical properties of rubber compounds. The presence of agglomerated fillers resulted in an increase in the dissipation behavior. This was confirmed by rubber process analyzer (RPA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results.Highlights Rubber compounds based on SSBR/BR reinforced with silica and/or carbon black were prepared by the melt mixing method. A multi‐scale finite element analysis of the particulate composites was developed using RVE. The distribution of reinforcing fillers in the matrix was inspired by TEM. The prediction of the stress–strain behavior of the hybrid composites was confirmed by the results of tensile tests. The simulated dissipation behavior of the composites was compared with RPA and DMTA analyses.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Rvementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Rvementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale modeling of hyperviscoelastic behavior of particulate rubber composites based on hybrid silica/carbon black filler system

Barghamadi,

Ghoreishy,

Karrabi

et al. 2023

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A combination of experimental and theoretical approaches on SSBR/BR compounds reinforced by hybrid nano‐silica/carbon black: Mechanical and rheological properties

Barghamadi,

Karrabi,

Ghoreishy

et al. 2023

In modern formulations for green tire treads, nano‐silica combined with silane coupling agents has recently partially replaced carbon black (CB) to improve the well‐known “magic triangle” of tire tread compounding. However, achieving adequate levels of CB in formulations is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of nano‐silica/CB hybrid reinforcements and silane coupling agents on rubber compound prepared by melt blending method was investigated. Microstructure, swelling, mechanical and rheological properties of highly filled SSBR/BR‐based compounds were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of CB content in SSBR/BR/TESPT/nano‐silica, the properties pass an optimum point. Various properties were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Estimation of the properties of tire tread compounds is inevitable due to the high cost of the components and the time and energy savings. For this purpose, different theoretical models were used. The Bergstrom‐Boyce, Ogden‐Roxburgh and Mooney‐Rivlin models were used to study the mechanical properties and the Herschel‐Bulkley, Power law and Carreau–Yasuda theories were used for the rheological properties. Among the theoretical models used, the Bergstrom‐Boyce model showed better correlation with the experimental data than other models.Highlights Compounds based on SSBR/BR rubber blends were prepared by the melt blending method. The effect of hybrid reinforcements and silane coupling agent as compatibilizer was studied. The microstructure, mechanical behavior, thermal and rheological properties of the compounds were investigated. The improved dispersion of the reinforcements in the SSBR/BR matrix was confirmed by microstructure analyses. Various theoretical models were applied to validate the experimental mechanical and rheological results.

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Zabihi,

Fasihi,

Rasouli

et al. 2023

Thermal conductive filler, silicon carbide (SiC), has been investigated for its effects on the mechanical properties, microstructural properties, physical properties, and kinetic characteristics of styrene‐butadiene‐rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR). SBR/BR‐SiC's tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness were improved by 5 phr SiC content within the composite. Specifically, there was a 44% increase in tensile strength, a 51% increase in strain at break, and impressive 113% increase in toughness. Additionally, there was a notable reduction of approximately ~15% in the compression set. The calculated crosslink density using the Flory–Rehner equation proved that the SiC filler increased the covalent bonds between the polymer chains during the curing reaction. The rheometry results showed a reduction in the scorch and optimum curing times by ~10% via the incorporation of SiC. The addition of 5 phr SiC decreased the curing duration time by 47%. The scanning electron microscopy images taken from the samples at different magnifications showed that the particle agglomeration after SiC = 5 phr was the main factor in reducing the SiC performance in the composite.Highlights Tensile properties of SBR/BR were improved with high thermal conductive SiC. SiC accelerated the rate of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR. The crosslink density was maximized with the addition of SiC to the compound. Better heat transfer by SiC led to a reduction in the energy consumption of curing. Thermal diffusivity was raised with the addition of SiC to the compound.