Effect of sea cucumber (Australostichopus mollis) grazing on coastal sediments impacted by mussel farm deposition

Slater, Matthew James; Carton, Alexander G.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.008

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Sediment was taken from the surface (up to 3 cm depth) and in the laboratory, they were dried in an oven at 60°C for 72 h. Total Organic Matter (TOM) analysis was done using the 'ash method' (Slater and Carton 2009). For each sample, 12 g were taken and burned at 450°C for five h in a combustion chamber.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The abundance of prospective natural food for sea cucumber Holothuria atra at Karimunjawa Island waters, Jepara, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Hartati R, Widianingsih, Trianto A, Zainuri M, Ambariyanto. 2017. The abundance of prospective natural food for sea cucumber Holothuria atra at Karimunjawa Island waters, Jepara,. Holothuria atra, as one of the most abundant and widely distributed sea cucumber species, is an omnivore, consuming detritus, uneaten food, and algae in the substrate. For sea ranching purpose, the objective of present works was aimed to determine potential food availability for H. atra in Karimunjawa Island of Jepara. Biotic environment factors in proposed location were assessed including seaweed and seagrass associated communities, epiphytes on the seagrass, phyto and zooplankton, benthic organism, microphytobenthic as chlorophyll-a, phaeophytin and chloropigmen as well as sediment characteristics. There were six species seagrasses and 10 species of seaweeds found in Karimunjawa waters, with Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii provide shelter and food for H. atra. Algal epiphytes use seagrass leaves and rhizome as substrate and there were 28 genera of them belong to Chrysophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanophyta. The variety and abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton the benthos enrich the location. The chlorophyll-a, phaeophytin and total chloropigment in the sediment of Karimunjawa waters could be representative of microphytobenthos. The substrate of Karimunjawa waters consisted of fine sandy-coarse sediment and the content of organic matter may be important for feeding activity of H. atra.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The abundance of prospective natural food for sea cucumber Holothuria atra at Karimunjawa Island waters, Jepara, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…Hobson and Clark (1992) reported a similar trend for the half-life of carbon turnover for brown Japanese quails Coturnix japonica, where liver, blood, and muscle tissues exhibited increasing half-lives of 2.6, 11.4 and 12.4 d, respectively. Despite numerous studies on carbon isotope turnover rate, experiments re garding the variations in carbon isotopic turnover among multiple tissues of ectothermic animals, in cluding sea cucumbers, are scarce (Suring & Wing 2009, Buchheister & Latour 2010.As an obligate deposit-feeding species (Liao 1980), the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) plays an important trophic role in marine ecosystems (Slater & Carton 2009, Ren et al 2010. The feeding activities of the species could effectively remove nutrient matter deposited in benthic habitats and consequently reduce the nutrient loadings in coastal ecosystems (Zheng et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of carbon turnover rates in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) using stable isotope analysis: the role of metabolism and growth

Sun¹,

Gao²,

Dong³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Stable isotope analysis is increasingly being used to determine the trophic relationships of aquatic ecosystems. Most ecological and biological conclusions from isotope analysis are based on the assumption that the tissues of the respective consumers are in equilibrium with the potential food sources. Such an assumption, however, is not always validated in individual field studies. Hence, knowledge of the stable isotope turnover rates for the experimental organisms is fundamental for interpreting isotopic data. In this study, the carbon isotopic turnover rates for body walls and intestines of sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) of different sizes were investigated. The carbon isotopic turnover rate for the intestine was found to be faster than that for the body wall. The carbon stable isotope turnover rate decreased with an increase in body size, owing to the decrease in the metabolic activities of the larger individuals. Metabolism, rather than growth, was the principal driver of carbon stable isotope turnover, contributing 80 to 90% of the turnover for the intestine and 60 to 75% for the body wall. Analysis of the relationship between carbon replacement and the metabolism of sea cucumbers showed that the half-lives of carbon isotope replacement for both intestine and body wall were significantly related to physiological activities in terms of the oxygen consumption rates and food ingestion rates of the sea cucumbers. Our findings suggested that differences in turnover rates between various species and tissues should be considered when using stable isotopes in ecological studies. It is proposed that further development of isotope mixing models is needed and that these models should integrate isotope turnover for specific species or tissues. KEY WORDS: Sea cucumber · Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) · Carbon turnover · Stable isotope · Metabolism Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 457: [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] 2012 tern (Tieszen et al. 1983, Peterson & Fry 1987, McCutchan et al. 2003. Carbon stable isotope, which typically discriminates with the delta value (δ) of 1 ‰ for each trophic level (Peterson & Fry 1987), is often used to quantify food assimilation, providing the technical measure for analyzing consumers long-term food utilization (Peterson et al. 1985, Kurata et al. 2001, Yokoyama et al. 2005, Gao et al. 2006, Kharlamenko et al. 2008. These studies and their conclusions are based on the assumption that tissues of consumers are in isotopic equilibrium with their diet (Post 2002, Gao et al. 2006. However, this may not necessarily be true, since the carbon isotopic ratios of the food items absorbed by the consumer are always dynamic. This is due to the different mechanisms of carbon fixation between primary producers, the seasonality of food availability and the movement or migration of predators, as well as the difference in the physiological characteristics of various species . When t...

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“…As an obligate deposit-feeding species, sea cucumbers have been identified as bioturbators and scavengers that can reduce nutrient loadings in organically enriched costal sediments and aquaculture systems (Zhou et al 2006, Slater & Carton 2009, MacTavish et al 2012, Ren et al 2012. Previous studies found that sea cucumber co-cultured with filter-feeding mussel or predatory fish species can offer a balanced ecological system, in which inter-specific competition was minimal (Kang et al 2003, Ren et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Paltzat et al (2008) found significant reduction of sedimentary organic matter as a result of the active selection by sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus in a sea cucumber-oyster polyculture system in British Columbia, Canada. Slater & Carton (2009) also reported that the feeding activity of sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis led to an obvious decrease in accumulation of both organic carbon and phyto-pigments associated with biodeposition from green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus farms. More recently, a field experiment demonstrated that sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in the water column below fish cages could utilize the fish feed residues (Yokoyama 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Uptake of farming wastes by sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in polyculture systems of abalone Haliotis discus hannai: evidence from C and N stable isotopes

Xia¹,

Sun²,

Gao³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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With the development of intensive aquaculture, worldwide concerns are increasingly focused on the biological control of farming wastes for the purpose of reducing nutrient loadings. In the present study, 5 experimental polyculture systems combining abalone and sea cucumber (SC) as different inter-species biomass ratios, i.e. 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100 (referred to as Group A, B, C, D and E, respectively), were set up to evaluate the potential of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus as scavengers to alleviate the farming wastes derived from the co-culture of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Growth performance and significant isotopic shifts of the SCs in Groups B, C and D demonstrated the uptake of farming wastes, i.e. feces and uneaten feed residues. The proportional contributions of SC assimilated from uneaten feed residues, feces and sea mud were 21.7, 62.5 and 15.8% in Group B, 18.5, 54.3 and 27.2% in Group C, 11.5, 44.4 and 44.1% in Group D, respectively. The results revealed that sea cucumber had great potential to become an effective organic extractive species and aid in the concordant reduction of farming wastes in polyculture systems. The biomass ratio of abalone to sea cucumber 70:30 was recommended for aquaculture practice as providing the greatest economic and environmental benefits.

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Effect of sea cucumber (Australostichopus mollis) grazing on coastal sediments impacted by mussel farm deposition

Cited by 72 publications

References 28 publications

The abundance of prospective natural food for sea cucumber Holothuria atra at Karimunjawa Island waters, Jepara, Indonesia

The abundance of prospective natural food for sea cucumber Holothuria atra at Karimunjawa Island waters, Jepara, Indonesia

Estimates of carbon turnover rates in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) using stable isotope analysis: the role of metabolism and growth

Uptake of farming wastes by sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in polyculture systems of abalone Haliotis discus hannai: evidence from C and N stable isotopes

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