Effect of second-generation antipsychotics on brain network topology in first-episode schizophrenia: A longitudinal rs-fMRI study

Wang, Liu-Xian; Guo, Fan; Zhu, Yuanqiang; Wang, Huaning; Liu, Wenming; Li, Chen; Wang, Xing-Rui; Cui, Long‐Biao; Xi, Yi‐Bin; Yin, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.015

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Then, we computed the following measures: (1) the functional segregation metrics: clustering coefficient (Cp), normalized clustering coefficient ( γ ), and local efficiency (El); (2) functional integration metrics: characteristic path length (Lp), normalized characteristic path length ( λ ), and global efficiency (Eg); and (3) small-worldness metric: σ ( σ = γ / λ ). Similar with a previous study, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC) of for each network metric for further statistical comparisons [ 12 ]. Independent of single threshold selection, the AUC metric provides a summarized scalar for topological characterization of brain networks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Organization Alterations of Whole-Brain Functional Networks in Patients with Childhood Absence Epilepsy: Associations with Treatment Effects

et al. 2021

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Purpose. The purpose of the current study is to detect changes of topological organization of whole-brain functional networks and their relationship with the clinical treatment effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for patients with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) using resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI). Patients and Methods. RS-fMRI data from 30 CAE patients were collected and compared with findings from 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). The patients were treated with first-line AEDs for 46.03 months before undergoing a second RS-fMRI scan. Results. CAE children at baseline showed a reduced clustering coefficient (Cp) and local efficiency (El) than the HC group, implying the reduction of functional segregation. CAE children at baseline also showed smaller characteristic path length (Lp) and higher global efficiency (Eg) compared with the HC group, implying the impairment of functional segregation. However, those metrics showed no significant differences between CAE children at follow-up and the HC group which indicated a clear renormalization of topological organization after AED treatments. CAE at follow-up also showed significantly decreased connectivity between several network regions, with which the thalamus is mainly involved. Furthermore, the reduced connectivity change between the left superior parietal gyrus and the left thalamus is positively correlated with the symptom improvements after AED treatment. Conclusion. We highlighted the convergence and divergence of brain functional network dysfunctions in CAE patients and provided crucial insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and the AED effects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Organization Alterations of Whole-Brain Functional Networks in Patients with Childhood Absence Epilepsy: Associations with Treatment Effects

et al. 2021

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“…(3) no visual field abnormalities related to nerve fiber injury; (4) none of the subjects had a history of psychiatric or neurological disorders; (5) no acute visual loss caused by other ophthalmologic or nervous system diseases; (6) no history of mental disorders, diabetes, hypertension, and taking psychotropic drugs; (7) no history of drug, smoking, or alcohol addiction; and (8) average somatotype and weight (Figure 1). We also recruited 21 age-, sex-, and weight-matched healthy control (HC) subjects (8 males and 13 females) who met the following criteria: (1) no pathway or brain parenchyma abnormalities observed by head MRI, (2) no ophthalmic disease and maximum corrected visual acuity >1.0, (3) no neuropsychiatric abnormalities or headache, and (4) no contraindications for MRI.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The normal human brain network has a short path length and high transmission efficiency, known as small-world attributes [6]; these enable the brain network to meet local and global demands and balance functional integration and segregation in order to achieve synchronization of neural activity between different brain regions. Thus, small-world attributes allow efficient information transmission at low wiring cost [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Small-World Functional Network Topology in Patients with Optic Neuritis: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Song

Zhu

et al. 2021

Disease Markers

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Aim. This study investigated changes in small-world topology and brain functional connectivity in patients with optic neuritis (ON) by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and based on graph theory. Methods. A total of 21 patients with ON (8 males and 13 females) and 21 matched healthy control subjects (8 males and 13 females) were enrolled and underwent rs-fMRI. Data were preprocessed and the brain was divided into 116 regions of interest. Small-world network parameters and area under the integral curve (AUC) were calculated from pairwise brain interval correlation coefficients. Differences in brain network parameter AUCs between the 2 groups were evaluated with the independent sample t -test, and changes in brain connection strength between ON patients and control subjects were assessed by network-based statistical analysis. Results. In the sparsity range from 0.08 to 0.48, both groups exhibited small-world attributes. Compared to the control group, global network efficiency, normalized clustering coefficient, and small-world value were higher whereas the clustering coefficient value was lower in ON patients. There were no differences in characteristic path length, local network efficiency, and normalized characteristic path length between groups. In addition, ON patients had lower brain functional connectivity strength among the rolandic operculum, medial superior frontal gyrus, insula, median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, amygdala, superior parietal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, lenticular nucleus, pallidum, superior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum compared to the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Patients with ON show typical “small world” topology that differed from that detected in HC brain networks. The brain network in ON has a small-world attribute but shows reduced and abnormal connectivity compared to normal subjects and likely causes symptoms of cognitive impairment.

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“…Only two baseline-biomarker studies, both reported from Xijing Hospital (Xi’an, China), examined the whole brain in a hypothesis-free manner. Of these, one 29 was underpowered (n=36) and reported null results; the other 20 included a large sub-cohort of patients with chronic illness mixed together with first-episode patients, treated with a wide range of different antipsychotic medications (including clozapine), with outcome measured after variable treatment durations.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal lobe fALFF measured from resting-state fMRI at baseline predicts acute treatment response in first episode psychosis

Lencz

Moyett

Barber

et al. 2021

Preprint

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While antipsychotic medications have been utilized for decades, many patients experiencing psychosis do not demonstrate a satisfactory positive symptom response, even in the first episode of illness. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has increasingly been studied as a potential biomarker of antipsychotic treatment response, but studies to date remain limited in terms of sample size and brain regions examined. The present study examined fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) derived from rs-fMRI to search the whole brain, in a hypothesis-free manner, for regions that might predict response to 12 weeks of treatments with standard antipsychotic medications (risperidone or aripiprazole). To our knowledge, the present study represents the largest first episode psychosis treatment sample studied with rs-fMRI to date (N=126). At baseline, patients who would later meet strict criteria for clinical response demonstrated significantly greater baseline fALFF in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex compared to non-responders. In a subset of 62 patients who were scanned a second time at the end of treatment, responders and non-responders demonstrated significant increases in fALFF in differing brain regions. Specifically, responders demonstrated significant increases in fALFF, from baseline to follow-up, in bilateral dorsal prefrontal cortex; prefrontal changes were not observed in non-responders or in healthy individuals (n=45) scanned at two time points. Thus, spontaneous activity in orbitofrontal cortex may serve as a prognostic biomarker of antipsychotic treatment, while spontaneous activity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex may serve as a critical target of effective medication.

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Effect of second-generation antipsychotics on brain network topology in first-episode schizophrenia: A longitudinal rs-fMRI study

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Topological Organization Alterations of Whole-Brain Functional Networks in Patients with Childhood Absence Epilepsy: Associations with Treatment Effects

Topological Organization Alterations of Whole-Brain Functional Networks in Patients with Childhood Absence Epilepsy: Associations with Treatment Effects

Altered Small-World Functional Network Topology in Patients with Optic Neuritis: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Frontal lobe fALFF measured from resting-state fMRI at baseline predicts acute treatment response in first episode psychosis

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