Effect of Secondary-Phase Precipitation on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of 00Cr27Ni7Mo5N Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel during Solution Treatment

Wang, Hang; Wang, Aiqin; Li, Changyi; Yu, Xingsheng; Xie, Jingpei; Liu, Chenlu

doi:10.3390/ma15217533

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The solubility of N in ferrite leads to solid solution strengthening. The precipitation of chromium nitrides increases the yield and tensile strength [70]. In contrast to the grains in the horizontal plane (XY), grains in the lateral and frontal planes (XZ and YZ) are expected to be elongated [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Gargalis,

Karavias,

Graff

et al. 2023

Metals

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The aim of this paper was to compare duplex (DSS) and super duplex stainless steel processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) based on the process parameters and microstructure–nanomechanical property relationships. Each alloy was investigated with respect to its feedstock powder characteristics. Optimum process parameters including scanning speed, laser power, beam diameter, laser energy density, and layer thickness were defined for each alloy, and near-fully dense parts (>99.9%) were produced. Microstructural analysis was performed via optical (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The samples were subjected to stress relief and high-temperature annealing. EBSD revealed the crystallographic orientation and quantified the phases in the as-built and annealed sample conditions. The as-built samples revealed a fully ferritic microstructure with a small amount of grain boundary austenite in the SDSS microstructure. High-temperature solution annealing resulted in the desired duplex microstructure for both alloys. There were no secondary phases present in the microstructure after both heat treatments. Nanoindentation generated nanomechanical (modulus) mapping grids and quantified the nanomechanical (both hardness and modulus) response; plasticity and stress relief were also assessed in all three conditions (as-built, stress-relieved, and annealed) in both DSS and SDSS. Austenite formation in the annealed condition contributed to lower hardness levels (~4.3–4.8 Gpa) and higher plastic deformation compared to the as-built (~5.7–6.3 Gpa) and stress-relieved conditions (~4.8–5.8 Gpa) for both alloys. SDSS featured a ~60% austenite volume fraction in its annealed and quenched microstructure, attributed to its higher nickel and nitrogen contents compared to DSS, which exhibited a ~30% austenite volume fraction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Gargalis,

Karavias,

Graff

et al. 2023

Metals

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show abstract

“…decreasing balanced ferrite volume fraction) leading to the improvement of corrosion resistance of the welded joints that is agree with the results of this article. But presence Nitrides significantly in Nitrogen sample and secondary austenite in W sample was www.nature.com/scientificreports/ main reason of increase corrosion rate in this samples 14,39 . As corrosion current density is the main factor to determine corrosion rate.…”

Section: Nitride Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of heat treatment atmospheres on microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel weldments

Mohamed

Hamid

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The effects of post heat treatment atmosphere on microstructure and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel welded joints were investigated. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was carried out with and without protective atmospheres. Nitrogen and argon are used as protective gases individually. Detailed microstructure examination (optical and SEM) demonstrates that nitrides precipitates are highly observed in the welded zones for nitrogen protected samples. An observed drop of ferrite volume fraction in post weld heat treated samples compared with welded samples without heat treatment leading to corrosion resistance enhancement of heat treated welded joints. An exception for using nitrogen as heat treatment atmosphere a decreased corrosion resistance of weldments is investigated due to nitride precipitates. An increase in the weld zone hardness for post weld heat treated samples compared with base alloy. The initial hardness of duplex stainless steel was 286 Hv while average hardness of weld zone was 340, 411, 343, and 391 Hv for as welded, PWHT using air, argon, and nitrogen atmospheres, respectively. Weld zone hardness increased to 33, 44, 20, and 37%. A significant decrease in the ultimate tensile strength and elongation after PWHT. The initial Ultimate tensile strength duplex stainless steel base material was 734.9 MPa while Ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints was 769.3, 628.4, 737.8, and 681.4 MPa for the following conditions: as welded, PWHT using air, argon, and nitrogen atmospheres, respectively.

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“…Nitrogen content in the SDSS is twice as much compared to DSS and, in turn, the Blend 2 nitrogen content is twice as much compared to Blend 1. Increasing the nitrogen content in the DSS results in an increased fraction of chromium nitrides after non-equilibrium cooling rates [60]. The precipitation of chromium nitrides increases the yield and tensile strength and reduces the ductility [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Powder Feedstock towards Microstructure Engineering in Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Case Study on Duplex/Super Duplex and Austenitic Stainless-Steel Alloys

Gargalis,

Karavias,

Graff

et al. 2023

Metals

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Additive manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) and Super Duplex Stainless Steels (SDSS) has been successfully demonstrated using LPBF in recent years, however, both alloys feature an almost fully ferritic microstructure in the as-built condition due to the fast cooling rates associated with the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process. Blends of DSS and SDSS powders were formulated with austenitic stainless-steel 316L powder, aiming to achieve increased austenite formation during in the LPBF as-built condition to potentially minimize the post heat treatments (solution annealing and quenching). Powder characteristics were investigated and process parameters were optimized to produce near fully dense parts. Nanoindentation (NI) tests were conducted to measure, not only the local mechanical properties and correlate them with the as-built microstructure, but also to gain a deeper understanding in the deformation behavior of individual phases that cannot be studied directly by macroscopic tensile tests. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) were employed for microstructural analysis and phase quantification. The microstructural analysis and EBSD phase maps revealed an increase in austenite in the as-built microstructures. Blend 1 resulted in a duplex microstructure consisting of 10% austenite at the XY plane and 20% austenite at the XZ plane. The austenite content increased with increasing proportion of 316L stainless steel in the powder blends. The DSS blend required a much higher volumetric energy density for the fabrication of near fully dense parts. This imposed a slower solidification and a higher melt pool homogeneity, allowing for adequate diffusion of the austenite stabilizing elements. The presented workflow and findings from this study provide valuable insights into powder mixing for the development of custom alloys for rapid material screening in LPBF.

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Effect of Secondary-Phase Precipitation on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of 00Cr27Ni7Mo5N Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel during Solution Treatment

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Effect of heat treatment atmospheres on microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel weldments

Novel Powder Feedstock towards Microstructure Engineering in Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Case Study on Duplex/Super Duplex and Austenitic Stainless-Steel Alloys

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