Effect of sedation or general anesthesia on elbow goniometry and thoracic limb circumference measurements in dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis

Clarke, Emily; Aulakh, Karanvir S.; Hudson, Caleb C.; Barnes, Katherine; Gines, Jordi; Liu, Chin‐Chi; Aulakh, Harmeet K.

doi:10.1111/vsu.13499

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Table 3 summarizes available observer variability data of LC and US. Measurement variables were evaluated only for LC, including the effect of measuring tape type [ 44 ], clipping and sedation [ 50 ], sedation or general anesthesia [ 57 ], and the effect of stifle angle (e.g., stifle extension, flexion, and standing angle) [ 50 ]. Reliability studies for CT, MRI, and DEXA were not available.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used region was the thigh at a single level [ 4 – 12 , 18 – 23 , 26 – 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 – 42 , 44 – 54 , 58 – 63 ] but six of these studies [ 9 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 50 ] also measured the thigh at a second level. Brachium [ 24 , 25 , 43 , 52 , 55 , 57 ], stifle [ 20 , 22 , 34 , 56 , 63 ], crus [ 4 , 39 , 44 , 52 ], and antebrachium [ 24 , 37 , 43 , 52 ] circumference at a single level were also described. Specific measurement levels and anatomic landmarks are outlined in Table 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appendicular skeletal muscle mass assessment in dogs: a scoping literature review

et al. 2022

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Background Monitoring changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass is frequently used as a surrogate marker for limb function. The primary objective of this study was to review scientific information related to the assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in dogs. The secondary objective was to develop practical recommendations for serial evaluation of muscle mass. Methods A scoping review was conducted with a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, CAB abstract, and Cochrane from inception to June 2021. The following modalities were included in the search: limb circumference, diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results A total of 62 articles that measured appendicular skeletal muscle mass in dogs were identified. Limb circumference (55 articles) was the most commonly used modality. Its reliability was investigated in five studies. Several factors, including measuring tape type, body position, joint angles, and the presence of hair coat, were reported as variables that can affect measurements. Diagnostic ultrasound (five articles) was validated in three articles, but there is scarce information about observer reliability and variables affecting the measurement. Computed tomography (four articles) and magnetic resonance imaging (one article) have been used to validate other modalities at a single time point rather than as a clinical tool for serial muscle mass monitoring. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (two articles) has been used to quantify specific skeletal muscle mass but was mainly used to evaluate body composition in dogs. Conclusion Limb circumference and ultrasound are likely the main modalities that will continue to be used for serial muscle mass measurement in the clinical setting unless a new technology is developed. The reliability of limb circumference is questionable. Several key factors, including measuring tape type, body position, joint angles, and coat clipping, need to be controlled to improve the reliability of limb circumference measurements. Ultrasound may provide a reasonable alternative, but further studies are required to evaluate the reliability of this modality and identify factors that influence ultrasound measurements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass assessment in dogs: a scoping literature review

et al. 2022

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“…The maximum range of motion (ROM) varies between 110 to 150 degrees, with breed-specific maximum flexion of 25 to 49 degrees and maximum extension of 155 to 175 degrees [10][11][12][13][14]. The main extensor muscle of the elbow joint is the triceps brachii muscle [1].…”

Section: Anatomical Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint

Rohwedder¹

2022

Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology

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The canine elbow joint is a complex joint, whose musculoskeletal anatomy is well investigated. During the last 30 years kinematic analysis has gained importance in veterinary research and kinematics of the healthy and medial coronoid disease affected canine elbow joint are progressively investigated. Video-kinematographic analysis represents the most commonly used technique and multiple studies have investigated the range of motion, angular velocity, duration of swing and stance phase, stride length and other kinematic parameters, mostly in the sagittal plane only. However, this technique is more error-prone and data gained by video-kinematography represent the kinematics of the whole limb including the soft tissue envelope. A more precise evaluation of the in vivo bone and joint movement can only been achieved using fluoroscopic kinematography. Based on recent studies significant differences in the motion pattern between healthy joints and elbows with medial coronoid disease could be detected. Thereby not only adaptive changes, caused by pain and lameness, could be described, but primary changes in the micromotion of the joint forming bones could be found, which potentially represent new factors in the pathogenesis of medial coronoid disease. This chapter gives a review of current literature on elbow joint kinematics, with particular focus onto pathologic biomechanics in dysplastic canine elbows.

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“…Joint cartilage has limited healing potential due to the absence of direct contact with blood vessels and innervation [6]. Pain and joint capsule fibrosis may be associated with reduced joint range of motion (ROM) [7]. Current treatment of OA is focused on pain relief and symptom control [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Elbow Joint Osteoarthritis in Dogs

Skangals

2022

EJVETMED

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Osteoarthritis is a common disease in dogs that cause chronic pain, stiffness and can greatly reduce the quality of life. Standard treatment mostly is still symptomatic and is based on pain relief, without any disease-modifying effect and the side effects of painkillers can occur relatively common. The aim of this study was to determine do single intra-articular allogeneic stem cell injection gives improvement on patient well-being and have disease remodeling effects. Ten dogs with unilateral elbow osteoarthritis were selected. In osteoarthritic joint single stem cell intra-articular injection was made. Treatment was assessed by using stance analyzer to detect weight distribution, goniometry to measure range of motion, radiological examination to assess osteophyte size and size of subtrochlear sclerosis, joint fluid and blood sample analysis was made before and six months after treatment and once a month animal owner questionnaires were made. There was beneficial changes in weight distribution, range of motion, in size of osteophyte and subtrochlear sclerosis but not statistically significant. But in patient well-being observations from animal owner questionnaires there was significant improvements.

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Effect of sedation or general anesthesia on elbow goniometry and thoracic limb circumference measurements in dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass assessment in dogs: a scoping literature review

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass assessment in dogs: a scoping literature review

Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint

Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Elbow Joint Osteoarthritis in Dogs

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