Effect of sedation with butorphanol on variables pertaining to the ophthalmic examination in dogs

Douet, Jean‐Yves; Régnier, A.; Dongay, Agnès; Jugant, Sophie; Jourdan, Géraldine; Concordet, Didier

doi:10.1111/vop.12530

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Butorphanol is a commonly used opioid that causes variable analgesia and is clinically used for sedation in combination with alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists. Butorphanol is generally not used alone for the purpose of sedation in horses but when used alone in dogs, butorphanol has been shown to significantly increase IOP 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular pressure following four different intravenous sedation protocols in normal horses

Joyner

Liu

Cremer

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background Intravenous sedation is frequently necessary for ophthalmic examination in horses. Common sedation protocols have not been directly compared in terms of relative intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, duration of IOP reduction and time to maximum IOP reduction. Objectives To compare the effects of standing sedation protocols on IOP. Study design Randomised cross‐over experiment. Methods Twelve healthy horses received four intravenous sedation protocols with a 48 hours washout: 0.5 mg/kg xylazine and 0.01 mg/kg butorphanol (SED1); 10 µg/kg detomidine and 0.01 mg/kg of butorphanol (SED2); 10 µg/kg detomidine (SED3); 0.5 mg/kg xylazine (SED4). IOP was measured with rebound tonometry before sedation (Tpre) and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes post‐sedation (Tpost). Post‐sedation readings were taken with the head elevated to the Tpre position. Separately, IOP readings were also obtained following sedation with the head not elevated (TpostHeadDown). IOP values were compared using mixed ANOVA and ANCOVA models respectively with significance at P < .05. Results All protocols decreased IOP compared with baseline with greatest reduction at Tpost5. IOP at Tpre (mean ± SD) was 21.8 ± 4.4 mm Hg. At Tpost5, IOP was 16.3 ± 3.8 mm Hg (SED1), 14.5 ± 2.9 mm Hg (SED2), 17.1 ± 3.8 mm Hg (SED3) and 16.9 ± 4.2 mm Hg (SED4). SED2 Tpost5 IOP was lower than other treatments. Considering all time points following sedation, SED3 IOP readings were higher than other treatments. TpostHeadDown IOPs were higher than readings taken with the head elevated (P < .001). Main limitations Animals with ocular disease were not studied. No animals received mock sedation or equivalent. Conclusions A combination of detomidine and butorphanol causes greater IOP reduction 5 minutes following sedation than other commonly used sedation protocols. IOP reduction is less pronounced when detomidine is used alone. Consideration of head height is important when performing IOP measurements in horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular pressure following four different intravenous sedation protocols in normal horses

Joyner

Liu

Cremer

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Table shows the different anesthetic protocol for each case in this study. Anesthetic drugs have different effect on IOP in dogs . The two major anesthetic drugs that could cause an increased IOP doing surgery and therefore act as a bias in our study are propofol and ketamine .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Anesthetic drugs have different effect on IOP in dogs. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] The two major anesthetic drugs that could cause an increased IOP doing surgery and therefore act as a bias in our study are propofol and ketamine. 32,33,36,37,41 Only one case was not treated with propofol (LA-group, case 8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of canine postoperative ocular hypertension with combined latanoprost 0.005% and atropine 1% ophthalmic solutions

Henriksen

Lim

Sharp

2019

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To compare the effects of topical 0.005% latanoprost (L) vs combined 0.005% latanoprost and 1% atropine (LA) on control of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH), development of posterior synechiae formation, pupil size, and blindness after phacoemulsification surgery in dogs. Animal studied Dogs with postoperative ocular hypertension were included in the study: L‐group, latanoprost (eight dogs, 14 eyes) and LA‐group, latanoprost and atropine (nine dogs, 15 eyes). Procedures Complete ophthalmic examinations including tonometry were performed at 1, 7, and 21 days following phacoemulsification. Results No significant differences were found between the measured intraocular pressure (IOP) at days 1 and 7 postphacoemulsification surgery in the L‐group and the LA‐group (P = 0.26 [14.12 ± 1.76 mmHg vs 16.96 ± 1.68 mmHg] and P = 0.71 [15.45 ± 1.43 mmHg vs 16.20 ± 1.36 mmHg], respectively). No significant differences were found between pupil sizes at day 7 for the two groups (P = 0.25 [13.83% vs 24.77%]). No significant differences were found between odds of posterior synechiae formation at day 21 (P = 0.92) with a probability ± SE for L‐group vs LA‐group at 0.27 ± 0.14 vs 0.25 ± 0.13. No significant differences were found in odds of postoperative blindness between groups (P = 0.58) with a probability ± SE of 0.21 ± 0.11 vs 0.13 ± 0.09, respectively for L and LA. Conclusions Combined topical latanoprost and atropine in dogs maintains normal postoperative IOPs but does not seem to cause increased mydriasis compared to latanoprost alone.

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“…Morphine can cause a mild decrease in respiratory and heart rate and miosis, 22 as with butorphanol. 23 -25 This outcome may affect the interpretation of the results. In many animals, the sedative effects of medetomidine may persist even though it may have been antagonized with atipamezole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine, Butorphanol, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine or Carprofen After Periodontal Treatment in Dogs

Raušer

Fichtel

2020

J Vet Dent

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The early effectiveness of 5 analgesics was investigated after periodontal treatment. Dogs were assigned to 6 groups (n = 14 each). A prospective, randomized and blinded clinical study was performed. Before anesthesia was induced, butorphanol, morphine, carprofen and saline were administered. After induction, a maxillary and mandibular block was performed with lidocaine or bupivacaine. Painful periodontal therapies were performed. Two hours after the administration of analgesics and after anesthesia reversal, pain was scored using the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS) and the modified University of Melbourne Pain Score (UMPS). Blood glucose and cortisol levels were measured prior to analgesic administration and again 2 hours later. Rescue analgesia was provided when the VAS exceeded 50 mm or the UMPS exceeded 14 points. Rescue analgesia was required in one patient in the morphine group and one in the carprofen group. The VAS values were significantly lower in the butorphanol group compared to those of the saline group and in the bupivacaine group vs. those in the saline and lidocaine groups. Significantly lower UMPS values were obtained in the bupivacaine group compared to those in the saline, butorphanol and lidocaine groups and in the carprofen group vs. those in the saline and lidocaine groups. Significantly higher serum cortisol values were found in the lidocaine group compared to those in the saline, bupivacaine and carprofen groups. Administration of carprofen or the use of nerve blocks with bupivacaine improved analgesia after periodontal treatment more than did butorphanol, morphine or nerve blocks using lidocaine.

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Effect of sedation with butorphanol on variables pertaining to the ophthalmic examination in dogs

Abstract: Butorphanol administered intramuscularly at 0.2 mg/kg provided a degree of sedation allowing eye examination, but was found to interfere with STT-1, PS, and IOP values among the diagnostic tests studied. However, these values remained within normal limits.

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

Intraocular pressure following four different intravenous sedation protocols in normal horses

Intraocular pressure following four different intravenous sedation protocols in normal horses

Treatment of canine postoperative ocular hypertension with combined latanoprost 0.005% and atropine 1% ophthalmic solutions

Early Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine, Butorphanol, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine or Carprofen After Periodontal Treatment in Dogs

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