Copper, manganese and tin are commonly used as pearlite promoter elements in cast irons. A number of studies have been aimed at quantitatively evaluate the effect of each of these elements, individually or at given levels of the others. As a matter of fact, while tin may be necessary for achieving a fully pearlitic matrix, it is known that when in excess it is detrimental for mechanical properties. As the pearlite promoting effect of each of those elements is totally different, it is of real interest to know the optimum combination of them for a given cooling rate. The present report is a first part of a work dedicated at characterizing the best alloying levels in terms of room temperature mechanical properties of as-cast pearlitic materials.Keywords: pearlitic nodular cast irons, copper, manganese, tin, room temperature mechanical properties
IntrodutionCast irons are mostly used in as-cast state to avoid costly heat-treatments that would also impair some of their mechanical properties such as fatigue resistance. In several cases, the desired matrix may be either fully ferritic or fully pearlitic. The aim of this work was to find if an optimal combination of manganese, copper and tin could be defined as regards room temperature (RT) mechanical properties of nodular graphite iron (SGI) when a fully pearlitic matrix is looked for in the as-cast state. It appeared of interest to first perform a literature review of available information on the effect of these pearlite promoter elements on microstructure. A series of castings have then been achieved for selected compositions. Microstructure and mechanical properties of these castings are presented and compared to literature data.
Literature reviewObtaining fully pearlitic matrix in as-cast complex components made of SGI needs resorting to alloying additions. Amongst other elements, the effect of manganese, copper and tin as pearlite promoters is well known though there are very few works available for really quantifying it. Furthermore, the published reports deal with at most interaction between two of these elements, tin and copper in the work by Levin et al. In all these works, the alloys contained 3.60-3.75 wt.% carbon and more or less 2.4 wt.% silicon. However, the casting conditions in these various works differed and as the cooling rate has a definite effect on the pearlite and ferrite amounts the results from these studies could be only partly compared.