Effect of serum concentration on <i>Candida</i> biofilm formation on acrylic surfaces

Nikawa, Hiroki; Nishimura, Haruki; Makihira, Seicho; Hamada, Takashi; Sadamori, Shinsuke; Samaranayake, LP

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0507.2000.00564.x

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since peptone is an ingredient of other media, like YPD, which do not immediately induce hypha formation and which facilitate the formation of a basal yeast cell polylayer during bio-film formation (3; Daniels and Soll, unpublished), it seems unlikely that the peptone in Spider medium causes the rapid induction of hyphae that results in the absence of a basal yeast cell polylayer. Finally, it has been demonstrated that coating silicone elastomer with bovine serum, a step used to prepare the elastomer for biofilm adhesion in Spider medium, does not inhibit the formation of a yeast cell polylayer (3,63). Therefore, we have tentatively concluded that it is the beef extract peptides in Spider medium that rapidly induce hypha formation and that result in the absence of a basal yeast cell polylayer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Form and Function of Candida albicans Biofilms

et al. 2013

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Candida albicans, like other pathogens, can form complex biofilms on a variety of substrates. However, as the number of studies of gene regulation, architecture, and pathogenic traits of C. albicans biofilms has increased, so have differences in results. This suggests that depending upon the conditions employed, biofilms may vary widely, thus hampering attempts at a uniform description. Gene expression studies suggest that this may be the case. To explore this hypothesis further, we compared the architectures and traits of biofilms formed in RPMI 1640 and Spider media at 37°C in air. Biofilms formed by a/␣ cells in the two media differed to various degrees in cellular architecture, matrix deposition, penetrability by leukocytes, fluconazole susceptibility, and the facilitation of mating. Similar comparisons of a/a cells in the two media, however, were made difficult given that in air, although a/a cells form traditional biofilms in RPMI medium, they form polylayers composed primarily of yeast cells in Spider medium. These polylayers lack an upper hyphal/matrix region, are readily penetrated by leukocytes, are highly fluconazole susceptible, and do not facilitate mating. If, however, air is replaced with 20% CO 2 , a/a cells make a biofilm in Spider medium similar architecturally to that of a/␣ cells, which facilitates mating. A second, more cursory comparison is made between the disparate cellular architectures of a/a biofilms formed in air in RPMI and Lee's media. The results demonstrate that C. albicans forms very different types of biofilms depending upon the composition of the medium, level of CO 2 in the atmosphere, and configuration of the MTL locus.T he opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, like opportunistic bacterial pathogens (1, 2), forms biofilms on the surfaces of a variety of tissues and synthetic devices introduced into hosts (3-5). Traditionally, biofilms serve the purpose of anchoring populations of pathogens to a surface and providing a conditioned microenvironment that facilitates growth, survival, and intercellular signaling (6, 7). Biofilms also serve to exclude host and therapeutic challenges, such as antibodies, white blood cells, and antibiotics (8, 9). Bacterial biofilms, which were initially the most intensely studied, have been shown to be architecturally complex, adhering at their base to a targeted surface and composed of multiple cell types embedded in a self-generated complex extracellular matrix (10, 11). Many of the characteristics of bacterial biofilms have been shown to be exhibited by biofilms formed by C. albicans, including drug resistance (12-15), impermeability to low-and high-molecular-weight molecules (15), and resistance to penetration by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (15, 16). However, studies both to characterize the traits of C. albicans biofilms and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating formation do not always provide the same results, most notably transcription profiles, mutational analyses of the signal transduction pathways, and t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Form and Function of Candida albicans Biofilms

et al. 2013

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“…The presence of serum or salivary pellicles, which are normally found in the oral environment and may provide binding sites for Candida (8,10), increased the initial adherence of C. dubliniensis cells to biomaterials and subsequent biofilm formation. Other investigators have previously shown that the presence of serum and salivary pellicles can potentiate C. albicans colonization of acrylic strips and denture lining materials (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). SEM techniques revealed that similar to C. albicans biofilms (5, 23), mature C. dubliniensis biofilms consist of a mixture of yeast and filamentous forms embedded within exopolymeric material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation by Candida dubliniensis

Ramage¹,

Walle

Wickes³

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

168

156

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Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic yeast closely related to Candida albicans that has been recently implicated in oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Most manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation, with cells in biofilms displaying properties dramatically different from free-living cells grown under normal laboratory conditions. Here, we report on the development of in vitro models of C. dubliniensis biofilms on the surfaces of biomaterials (polystyrene and acrylic) and on the characteristics associated with biofilm formation by this newly described species. Time course analysis using a formazan salt reduction assay to monitor metabolic activities of cells within the biofilm, together with microscopy studies, revealed that biofilm formation by C. dubliniensis occurred after initial focal adherence, followed by growth, proliferation, and maturation over 24 to 48 h. Serum and saliva preconditioning films enhanced the initial attachment of C. dubliniensis and subsequent biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to further characterize C. dubliniensis biofilms. Mature C. dubliniensis biofilms consisted of a dense network of yeasts cells and hyphal elements embedded within exopolymeric material. C. dubliniensis biofilms displayed spatial heterogeneity and an architecture showing microcolonies with ramifying water channels. Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated the increased resistance of sessile C. dubliniensis cells, including the type strain and eight different clinical isolates, against fluconazole and amphotericin B compared to their planktonic counterparts. C. dubliniensis biofilm formation may allow this species to maintain its ecological niche as a commensal and during infection with important clinical repercussions.

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“…The choice of substrate is not trivial, since prior studies indicated that chemical composition, degree of hydrophobicity, and the presence of sera, protein, or amino acids affect Candida binding to surfaces (11,17,22,33,49). Other studies have shown that SE (the material used in the current study) allows better biofilm formation than other substrates (20), and our own unpublished observations support this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Biofilms Formed byCandidaalbicansandCandidaparapsilosison Bioprosthetic Surfaces

et al. 2002

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Little is known about fungal biofilms, which may cause infection and antibiotic resistance. In this study, biofilm formation by different Candida species, particularly Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis, was evaluated by using a clinically relevant model of Candida biofilm on medical devices. Candida biofilms were allowed to form on silicone elastomer and were quantified by tetrazolium (XTT) and dry weight (DW) assays. Formed biofilm was visualized by using fluorescence microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy with Calcofluor White (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.), concanavalin A-Alexafluor 488 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.), and FUN-1 (Molecular Probes) dyes. Although minimal variations in biofilm production among invasive C. albicans isolates were seen, significant differences between invasive and noninvasive isolates (P < 0.001) were noted. C. albicans isolates produced more biofilm than C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis isolates, as determined by DW assays (P was <0.001 for all comparisons) and microscopy. Interestingly, noninvasive isolates demonstrated a higher level of XTT activity than invasive isolates. On microscopy, C. albicans biofilms had a morphology different from that of other species, consisting of a basal blastospore layer with a dense overlying matrix composed of exopolysaccharides and hyphae. In contrast, C. parapsilosis biofilms had less volume than C. albicans biofilms and were comprised exclusively of clumped blastospores. Unlike planktonically grown cells, Candida biofilms rapidly (within 6 h) developed fluconazole resistance (MIC, >128 g/ml). Importantly, XTT and FUN-1 activity showed biofilm cells to be metabolically active. In conclusion, our data show that C. albicans produces quantitatively larger and qualitatively more complex biofilms than other species, in particular, C. parapsilosis.

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Effect of serum concentration on Candida biofilm formation on acrylic surfaces

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Form and Function of Candida albicans Biofilms

Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Form and Function of Candida albicans Biofilms

Biofilm Formation by Candida dubliniensis

Comparison of Biofilms Formed byCandidaalbicansandCandidaparapsilosison Bioprosthetic Surfaces

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