Effect of Sesamol in Association With Folic Acid on 6-Ohda Induced Parkinsonian Animals- Biochemical, Neurochemical and Histopathological Evidence

Abstract

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second neurodegenerative disorder. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is the hallmark of the disease. Here is a novel approach to treat PD with a phenolic compound Sesamol (SA) and in combination with folic acid (FA). Methods:The study was designed with five groups of animals and 6 rats in each group. The rats were infused with 6-hydroxydopamine (10 μg/2 μl in 0.1% ascorbic acid saline) once for the development of PD, Group 1 (control), Group 2 (lesion), Group 3 (lesion+SA), Group 4 (lesion+SA+FA), and Group 5 (lesion+L-dopa). The biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglycerides, protein, FA, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and antioxidant profile in serum were estimated. The neurotransmitters level in striatum was estimated, and histopathology of striatum and midbrain tissues was carried out. Results:The results showed that 6-hydroxydopamine induced lesion has a significant alteration in the level of glucose, triglycerides, protein and FA, whereas TBARS level was elevated and the activities of antioxidants and neurotransmitters level were reduced. This was significantly restored on SA and FA treatment. The lesion group shows an abnormal architecture of striatum and midbrain, whereas on SA and FA treatment there was minimal abnormality.Conclusion: Thus, our study demonstrates that SA has a neuroprotective effect against 6-hydroxydopamine insult and showed a synergic effect when combined with FA.

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“…Dopamine was highly affected in Parkinson's disease because the Dopamine plays an important role among all the neurochemicals in PD30, and it is the targeted neurochemical in the brain; drastic reduction of brain DA and slightly alteration of other monoamines like NEP, EP and 5-HT were noticed in MPTP induced group. Reduced brain dopamine and other amine levels were recover significantly and dose-dependently by three extracts of JG, but maximum antiparkinsonian effect was perceived with ethanolic extract of JG with higher; these findings are similar to previously reported studies 31,32 .…”

Computationally Designed Sesamol Derivatives Proposed as Potent Antioxidants

“…One of the most widely studied properties of sesamol is its antioxidant activity. − It has been proved to have effective capacity for inhibiting hydroxyl radical-induced deoxyribose degradation and lipid peroxidation ,− which helps protecting plasma, low-density lipoprotein, and erythrocyte membrane from oxidation. − Sesamol also induces nitric oxide (the most important vascular relaxing factor) release from endothelial cells. , It has scavenging effects against hydroxyl (OH • ), superoxide anion (O 2 •– ), nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and other oxidants, − in some cases with an efficiency higher, or equal to those of ascorbic acid and vitamin E . Based on its free radical scavenging activity, it has been suggested to use sesamol in the management of Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, auto-immunity disorders, and brain damage in autism. − …”

The protective effects of sesamol and/or the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats: Modulation of Wnt/β-catenin/GSK-3β, JAK-2/STAT-3, PPAR-γ, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways

“…In comparison to the AlCl 3 -intoxicated group, the hepatoprotective and neuroprotective powers of sesamol and/or L. rhamnosus were investigated, and they were able to preserve and correct hepatic and brain tissue scores by preventing histological abnormalities. Additionally, this tissue-preserving potential of both sesamol and L. rhamnosus can be attributed to their anti-dementia, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties and the modulation of various signaling molecules in both the brain and liver (Di Cerbo et al, 2016;Khadira Sereen et al, 2017;Ezdini et al, 2020).…”