Effect of Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxins on eukaryotic cells

O’Loughlin, Edward; Robins-Browne, Roy M.

doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01405-8

Cited by 165 publications

(136 citation statements)

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“…Several serotypes of Escherichia coli produce one or more protein toxins that are closely related to Stx from Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (1). Stx from S. dysenteriae was first identified by Kiyoshi Shiga for whom these toxins are named (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7

Fraser

Fujinaga

Cherney

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

266

280

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Several serotypes of Escherichia coli produce protein toxins closely related to Shiga toxin (Stx) from Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. These Stx-producing E. coli cause outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, with the latter being more likely if the E. coli produce Stx2 than if they only produce Stx1. To investigate the differences among the Stxs, which are all AB 5 toxins, the crystal structure of Stx2 from E. coli O157:H7 was determined at 1.8-Å resolution and compared with the known structure of Stx. Our major finding was that, in contrast to Stx, the active site of the A-subunit of Stx2 is accessible in the holotoxin, and a molecule of formic acid and a water molecule mimic the binding of the adenine base of the substrate. Further, the A-subunit adopts a different orientation with respect to the B-subunits in Stx2 than in Stx, due to interactions between the carboxyl termini of the B-subunits and neighboring regions of the A-subunit. Of the three types of receptor-binding sites in the B-pentamer, one has a different conformation in Stx2 than in Stx, and the carboxyl terminus of the A-subunit binds at another. Any of these structural differences might result in different mechanisms of action of the two toxins and the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome upon exposure to Stx2.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7

Fraser

Fujinaga

Cherney

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

266

280

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“…S. dysenteriae is ingested orally, often through contaminated food or water. S. dysenteriae first colonizes and then invades the epithelium, resulting in necrosis of the mucosa (O'Loughlin & Robins-Browneb, 2001) Shigella and its secreted toxin induce severe inflammation in the ileocolonic regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Histological examination of intestinal epithelial cells infected with S. dysenteriae shows the presence of microvascular thrombosis and hemorrhagic lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion Products of Shigella dysenteriae and Apoptotic Cell Death on Chick Embryo Muscle Tissue

et al. 2007

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SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute cell injury of excretion products present in culture filtrate from Shigella dysenteriae in both whole lower limb of chick embryo ex vivo and myoblasts cells developed in hanging-drop cultures in vitro. Three controls were defined: a) Tyrode's solution b) brain-heart broth infusion (CCC) and c) supernatant not toxigenic of E.coli O157:H7. Shigella dysenteriae were culture for 24 hours and the excretion products were obtained after centrifugation of the culture. After 1h of treatment, the morphologic changes in limbs treated with raw filtrate were evaluated through histopathological examination of sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E-stain) and Gomori's trichrome by image analysis techniques. Quantification of apoptotic cells was measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay TUNEL. The morphological feature of apoptosis were evaluated in culture myoblasts. In contrast with controls, the longitudinal section on treated thigh of chick embryo limb-buds show atrophy muscle tissue, detachment of few fibers, 57,14% decrease in the number of cells, and loss of collagen substrate. Apoptotic index percent increase and mitotic index decrease in response to excretion products were observed, but were not significant. Membrane blebbing, vacuolation, small aggregates of chromatin around the nucleus and loss of cell adhesion were observed. Culture filtrate from Shigella dysenteriae produced cytotoxic effect on cell of muscle fibers with acute cell injuries suspected to be related to the apoptotic cell death.

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“…The genes encoding Stx are carried by temperate bacteriophages insert into bacterial genoma so that Stx production is linked to the induction of the phage lytic cycle (O'Loughlin and Robins-Browne, 2001). STx2 is the toxin type most related to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and comprise several subtypes which differ in their citotoxicity (Persson et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in human, cattle and foods. Strategies for detection and control

2014

Frontiers Research Topics

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Effect of Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxins on eukaryotic cells

Cited by 165 publications

References 137 publications

Structure of Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7

Structure of Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7

Excretion Products of Shigella dysenteriae and Apoptotic Cell Death on Chick Embryo Muscle Tissue

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in human, cattle and foods. Strategies for detection and control

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