Effect of Shock Compression on Aluminum Particles in Condensed Media

Yoshinaka, Akio; Zhang, Fan; Wilson, William H.

doi:10.1063/1.2832898

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Recent flyer-plate impact experiments simulating detonation in condensed phase matter (with an incident shock pressure of 13 GPa) showed that the atomized particles were subjected to severe surface damage and breakup to exposed fresh bare aluminum, whereas aluminum flakes were completely broken into nanometric particles (see Fig. 21 from [38]). This helped to understand why aluminum reacts much faster under high-pressure condensed detonation conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum-Particle-Air Detonation

Zhang

Gerrard

Ripley

2009

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Both in-tube and unconfined experimental evidence showed strong dependence of micrometric aluminum-air detonability on initial pressure and highly nonlinear behavior of abrupt deflagration-to-detonation transition, thus indicating dependence of the aluminum reaction mechanism of the detonation waves on chemical kinetics. On the other hand, the observed aluminum-air detonation manifested itself in a weak transverse wave structure, as revealed by the small-amplitude oscillation that rapidly degenerates behind the shock front in the pressure histories. This suggests a functional dependence that is weaker than the nonlinear Arrhenius kinetic behavior for the later aluminum combustion. Hence, a surface kinetic oxidation and diffusion hybrid reaction model with a degree of condensed detonation products was suggested, and the unsteady two-phase fluid dynamics modeling showed the success of the hybrid reaction model, capable of capturing both the kinetics-limited transient processes of detonation initiation, abrupt deflagration-to-detonation transition and detonation instability, and the diffusion-limited combustion of aluminum in the long reaction zone, supporting the weak transverse wave structure.Nomenclature a e = equilibrium sound speed, m=s a g = phase-frozen sound speed, m=s C = mole concentration, mol=m 3 C D = drag coefficient D = detonation velocity, m=s D g = gas-phase diffusivity, m 2 =s d p = particle diameter, m E = activation energy, J=mol e = specific internal energy, J=kg f p = rate of momentum transfer between the solid and the gas phase, N=m 3 J p = rate of mass transfer between the particles and the gas phase, kg=m 3 s K = diffusion reaction coefficient, s=m 2 k = mass depletion flux, kg=m 2 s k d = rate coefficient of diffusion reaction, kg m=mol s k s = rate coefficient of kinetic reaction, kg m=mol s k 0 = kinetic reaction coefficient, kg m=mol s L b = latent heats of evaporation, J=mol L m = latent heats of melting, J=mol Nu = Nusselt number n p = particle number density, 1=m 3 Pr = gas-phase Prandtl number p = pressure, N=m 2 Q p = rate of heat transfer between the particles and the gas phase, J=m 3 s q p = heat release of particles, J=kg R = universal gas constant, J=mol K Re = two-phase Reynolds number r p = particle radius, m T = temperature, K T ign = particle ignition temperature, K t b = particle burning time, s u = flow velocity, m=s W = molecular weight, g=mol w = species reaction rate, kg=m 3 s x = distance in the shock-propagation direction, m Y = mass fraction of species g = thermal conductivity of the gas phase, W=m K = stoichiometric coefficient = material density, kg=m 3 = partial density or mass concentration, kg=m 3 = volume fraction p = rate of particle number production, 1=m 3 s Subscripts g = gas-phase index oxi = index for oxidizing gases p = particle-phase index s = index for particle surface 0 = initial state

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum-Particle-Air Detonation

Zhang

Gerrard

Ripley

2009

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…Therefore, it is 765 reasonable to estimate that some particles will deform and may even fracture during the penetration process. Several recent studies on packed beds of granular material have shown the propensity of these saturated granular beds to undergo particle fracture and deformation from impact 770 loading at similar pressures [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the ballistic performance of shear thickening fluids based on particle strength and volume fraction

Petel

Ouellet

Loiseau

et al. 2015

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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“…The reaction of aluminum with detonation products proceeds on the particle surface, and the inner part of the particle does not interact with the detonation products. Akio et al 9 studied the change of aluminum particles in liquid heptane under the strong impact of a flyer driven by explosive detonation. They found that the average size of the spherical aluminum particles did not significantly change, and the surface morphology was no longer spherical but sharp edged with evidence of shear and particle break up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%