Ultrasonic treatment of the melt metals is a hot research topic; however, it is hard to introduce ultrasound into liquid steel because of the requirement of resistance to high temperature and erosion in the melt. In this paper, the author proposed a new method to introduce ultrasound into liquid steel. The metal to be treated is cast together to the tip of the booster. During the test, the booster is placed upward with the metal to be treated connected on the top as a free end, which is melt by induction coils. The booster which generates ultrasound, by this way, acts on the melt pool. The determination of the length of the booster under this situation is given. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the melt of 304 stainless steel is studied. The microstructure of the treated area is significantly refined and equi-axed grains are obtained; the fragmentation of inclusions occurs due to the ultrasonic treatment; the mechanism of the fragmentation of the dendrite and inclusions is discussed.KEY WORDS: ultrasound; booster; stainless steel; refinement; microstructure.Ultrasonic treatment has come into wide use in many fields since the application in medicine at the beginning of last century. In the field of foundry, ultrasonic treatment can refine the microstructure and reduce segregation of the metals and alloys. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The microstructure formed during the solidification has a direct impact on the properties of metal materials, refining the metal microstructure during solidification can evidently improve the mechanical properties of metal materials, which will satisfy the performance requirement that conventional casting cannot meet. Nowadays, the application of ultrasonic treatment on metal solidification is becoming more and more common, and substantive research results have been achieved about refining the solidification microstructure. Osawa et al. 12) applied ultrasonic treatment in the solidification of AZ91 alloy, as a result, fine and uniform microstructure was obtained, meanwhile, the yield strength and tensile strength were both improved significantly as well; Atamanenko et al. 13) carried out experiments to investigate the process of aluminum melt treatment using ultrasound, and determined the effect of cooling temperature on the refinement of microstructure during solidification. However, the melt with high temperature would corrode the booster which plays a very important role in introducing ultrasound into molten metal, for this sake, the research of refining microstructure with ultrasound mainly focused on low-melting-point metal, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] there is relatively less research about the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the highmelting-point metals, such as steels. Liu et al. 21) treated T10 steel by using ultrasound introduced from the lateral, and studied the solidification microstructure, segregation, mechanical properties, and anticorrosion property under different powers. Although this method avoided corrosion of the booster, the loss of energy was...