Context:The injury incidence rate among runners is approximately 50%. Some individuals have advocated using an anterior-foot-strike pattern to reduce ground reaction forces and injury rates that they attribute to a rear-foot-strike pattern. The proportion of minimalist shoe wearers who adopt an anterior-foot-strike pattern remains unclear.Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of self-reported footstrike patterns, compare negative ankle-and knee-joint angular work among runners using different foot-strike patterns and wearing traditional or minimalist shoes, and describe average vertical-loading rates.Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 60 healthy volunteers (37 men, 23 women; age ¼ 34.9 6 8.9 years, height ¼ 1.74 6 0.08 m, mass ¼ 70.9 6 13.4 kg) with more than 6 months of experience wearing traditional or minimalist shoes were instructed to classify their foot-strike patterns.Intervention(s): Participants ran in their preferred shoes on an instrumented treadmill with 3-dimensional motion capture.Main Outcome Measure(s): Self-reported foot-strike patterns were compared with 2-dimensional video assessments.Runners were classified into 3 groups based on video assessment: traditional-shoe rear-foot strikers (TSR; n ¼ 22), minimalist-shoe anterior-foot strikers (MSA; n ¼ 21), and minimalist-shoe rear-foot strikers (MSR; n ¼ 17). Ankle and knee negative angular work and average vertical-loading rates during stance phase were compared among groups.Results: Only 41 (68.3%) runners reported foot-strike patterns that agreed with the video assessment (j ¼ 0.42, P , .001). The TSR runners demonstrated greater ankle-dorsiflexion and knee-extension negative work than MSA and MSR runners (P , .05). The MSA (P , .001) and MSR (P ¼ .01) runners demonstrated greater ankle plantar-flexion negative work than TSR runners. The MSR runners demonstrated a greater average vertical-loading rate than MSA and TSR runners (P , .001).Conclusions: Runners often cannot report their foot-strike patterns accurately and may not automatically adopt an anterior-foot-strike pattern after transitioning to minimalist running shoes.Key Words: barefoot running, ground reaction forces, negative work, loading rate
Key PointsAccuracy of self-reported foot-strike patterns for runners wearing minimalist running shoes was poor. A cohort of runners who wore minimalist shoes for at least 6 months demonstrated a rear-foot-strike pattern and potentially injurious ground reaction force rates of loading. Runners using a rear-foot-strike pattern and wearing traditional shoes demonstrated more overall knee excursion, greater knee-extension negative work, and greater ankle-dorsiflexion negative work than runners wearing minimalist shoes, regardless of foot-strike pattern.