Effect of Short-Duration Low-Magnitude Cyclic Loading Versus Immobilization on Tendon-Bone Healing After ACL Reconstruction in a Rat Model

Cationised gelatin and hyaluronic acid coating enhances polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament graft osseointegration in porcine bone tunnels

“…During this process, mechanical and biological factors are involved in the healing process of the reconstructed tendons [25][26][27][28][29]. In the distal part of the bone tunnel, the mechanical effect was relatively low and the graft-bone healing was influenced mainly by the biological environment.…”

Effect of Immediate and Delayed High-Strain Loading on Tendon-to-Bone Healing After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

“…Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight range, 300 to 380 g; age, less than three months) underwent ACL reconstruction with a flexor digitorum longus autograft 14,16 . The knees were immobilized with an external fixator.…”

The Role of Mechanical Loading in Tendon Development, Maintenance, Injury, and Repair

“…The differences in material properties of the soft and hard tissue lead to high stress concentrations at this site, contributing to injury [60][61][62][63][64] . In an effort to improve tendon-to-bone healing, the application of static or cyclic loading at the insertion site may be necessary to restore the zonal phenotype 60,[65][66][67] . Additionally, the repair tension, the amount of tension placed on a tendon to reattach it to bone, is important in recreating the insertion site 59 .…”

“…The system has been validated in a preclinical experimental setting but has yet to be implemented clinically 65 . Brophy et al investigated the effect of cyclic, axial displacement of the femur and tibia on an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and found no healing impairment with the application of cyclic load, although the inflammatory response increased in comparison with nonstimulated controls 66 . Further work is needed to elucidate the effects of loading on insertion site repair prior to implementation in a clinical setting.…”