Effect of short-term enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic and γ-linolenic acids on alveolar macrophage eicosanoid synthesis and bactericidal function in rats

Palombo, John D.; DeMichele, Stephen J.; Boyce, Patricia J.; Lydon, Erin; Liu, Jim-Wen; Huang, Y. S.; Forse, R. Armour; Mizgerd, Joseph P.; Bistrian, Bruce R.

doi:10.1097/00003246-199909000-00032

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The adverse effect of linoleic acid was demonstrated in an animal model. Short-term enteral feeding with an EPA ϩ GLA-enriched diet rapidly modulated the fatty acid composition of alveolar macrophage phospholipids and promoted a shift toward the formation of less inflammatory eicosanoids by stimulated macrophages (16,17). In our study, the improved lung function in the EPA ϩ GLA group was supported by a significant increase in oxygenation and also by the increase in compliance and decrease in resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Benefit of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid in ventilated patients with acute lung injury*

Singer

Theilla

Fisher

et al. 2006

Critical Care Medicine

357

282

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Benefit of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid in ventilated patients with acute lung injury*

Singer

Theilla

Fisher

et al. 2006

Critical Care Medicine

357

282

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“…The diet used was an isonitrogenous and isocaloric enteral formula, differing from the control diet only in its lipid composition and level of antioxidant vitamins. Since there is evidence in the literature pointing towards the anti-inflammatory roles not only of EPA and GLA 28) , but also of antioxidant vitamins alone 29) -31) , the differences between both groups may be explained not just by the effects of EPA, GLA or antioxidant vitamins, but also by a combination of them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, .GAMMA.-linolenic acid and antioxidant vitamins on mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective analysis of Japanese-descendant patients

Pontes-Arruda

Hirasawa

2011

Nihon Shuchu Chiryo Igakukai zasshi

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Abstract:Objective: Enteral diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and antioxidant vitamins have been demonstrated to improve outcomes in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There is ethnic difference in the distribution of genetic polymorphisms, and therefore, the efficacy of nutritional treatment may differ among races. We evaluated the efficacy of the enteral diet enriched with EPA, GLA and antioxidants in a Japanese-descendant population with ARDS secondary to severe sepsis or septic shock through a retrospective assessment of the original database of our previous study. Materials and methods: 18 Japanese-descendant patients were identified from the original study based on the ethnic answer on their clinical research forms. All patients were randomly assigned to two groups either with a diet enriched with EPA, GLA and antioxidant vitamins or with an isonitrogenous and isocaloric control diet, delivered at a constant rate to achieve a minimum of 75% of basal energy expenditure x 1.3 during a minimum of 4 days and monitored for 28-days. Results: Those who received the study diet experienced significant improvements in oxygenation status, more ventilator-free days (12.0 ± 2.6 vs. 4.2 ± 1.7, P = 0.0362) and more ICU-free days (8.9 ± 2.2 vs. 2.6 ± 1.2, P = 0.0348). No significant changes were observed in terms of the development of new organ failures and mortality outcomes. Conclusions: In Japanese-descendant patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and requiring mechanical ventilation and tolerating enteral nutrition, a diet enriched with EPA, GLA and antioxidants contributed to better ICU outcomes.

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“…1 and 2). In our recent study, rats that had been given an (EPA + GLA)-enriched diet had lower ratios of thromboxane A 2 /A 3 and leukotriene B 4 /B 5 measured in the supernatants of AM exposed to endotoxin in vitro than corresponding levels measured from rats given a standard diet enriched with LA (19). The AM from the rats given the (EPA + GLA)-supplemented diet also released greater quantities of PGE 1 than AM from the rats receiving the LA-supplemented diet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Metabolism of dietary α‐linolenic acid vs. eicosapentaenoic acid in rat immune cell phospholipids during endotoxemia

Palombo¹,

DeMichele²,

Boyce³

et al. 1998

Lipids

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Short-term (i.e., 3 d) continuous enteral feeding of diets containing eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and gamma-linolenic (GLA) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to endotoxemic rats reduces the levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) in alveolar macrophage (AM) and liver Kupffer and endothelial (K&E) cell phospholipids with attendant decreases in prostaglandin formation by these cells in vitro. Diets that contain alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) as a substrate for endogenous formation of EPA may not be as effective in facilitating these immune cell modifications given the limited activity of delta6 desaturase. In the present study we compared the effectiveness of an LNA-enriched diet vs. an (EPA + GLA)-enriched diet to displace phospholipid AA from AM and liver K&E cells in vivo in endotoxemic rats fed enterally for 3 or 6 d. We determined the fatty acid composition of AM and K&E cell phospholipids by gas chromatography. We found that AM and K&E cells from rats that had received the EPA + GLA diet for 3 d had significantly (P < 0.001) higher mole percentage of EPA and the GLA metabolite, dihomoGLA, than corresponding cells from rats given the LNA diet or a control diet enriched with LA. Rats given the LNA diet had relatively low levels of stearidonic acid, EPA and other n-3 PUFA, while rats given the LA diet had low levels of GLA and dihomoGLA. We conclude that diets enriched with LNA or LA may not be as effective as those enriched with EPA + GLA for purposes of fostering incorporation of EPA or dihomoGLA into and displacement of AA from macrophage phospholipids under pathophysiologic conditions commonly found in acutely septic patients.

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Effect of short-term enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic and γ-linolenic acids on alveolar macrophage eicosanoid synthesis and bactericidal function in rats

Cited by 70 publications

References 29 publications

Benefit of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid in ventilated patients with acute lung injury*

Benefit of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid in ventilated patients with acute lung injury*

The effects of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, .GAMMA.-linolenic acid and antioxidant vitamins on mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective analysis of Japanese-descendant patients

Metabolism of dietary α‐linolenic acid vs. eicosapentaenoic acid in rat immune cell phospholipids during endotoxemia

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