“…18,44 Data from postoperative studies of NSAIDs versus placebo given with an opioid have generally demonstrated positive results (either enhanced pain relief, reduced opioid requirements typically by 30% or more, and/or reduced opioid-related adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting) for a variety of surgical procedures including gynecologic, head and neck, thoracic, orthopedic, abdominal, spinal, and some outpatient procedures. 32,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Other studies have not shown a clear benefit of adding NSAIDs to the standard opioid pain management, although these were generally studies in which the NSAID was given one time before surgery and not continued after surgery. 44,45,53,54,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Nevertheless, NSAIDs still play a role as part of a balanced multimodal analgesic approach and may have particular value for major surgical procedures.…”