Effect of Short-Term Low-Intensity Exercise Training on Association of Oxygen Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Oxygen, although is highly required for living, can be toxic because it can be easily changed into oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and generates oxidative stress. [1][2][3][4][5] This oxidative stress will cause endothelial lesion and will be responded by endothelial cells through nitric oxide (NO) response and immunological response pathway. 6-8 The immunological response begins by increasing cytokines production, activated coagulation factors, and reactivation of platelet in acute thrombotic process. However, acute thrombotic process, which is an initial part of protective mechanism to fix the lesion, often change to become continuous process because of abundance oxidative stress, and then generates various levels of acute coronary syndromes. 3,5 Several studies showed that acute exercise on treadmill test with high intensity Bruce protocol increased oxidative stress because of ROS. 9,10 On the contrary, acute exercise also increased production of NO because of the increment effect of shear stress on endothelial cells. 6,9-15 But, regular exercise Keywords ► acute coronary syndrome ► atherosclerosis ► cardiovascular risk factors ► myocardial infarction ► oxidative stress ► nitric oxide ► cardiac markers ► exercise AbstractModerate-to-high intensity of exercise training within 2 to 3 months decreases oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and increases nitric oxide (NO) in outpatients with myocardial infarction. There is no data about the association of ROS and NO after short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 32 male patients with AMI were randomized into two groups: 15 patients with short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days formed the training group and 17 patients without such exercise training formed the control group. All patients performed exercise treadmill test with modified Bruce protocol before and after the study. F2-isoprostane and NO concentration of the training group increased slightly after modified Bruce exercise treadmill test. Compared with the control group, NO of the training group was also slightly higher. Baseline NO and uric acid were negative predictor variables for F2-isoprostane in all patients hospitalized with AMI, and triglyceride was a positive predictor variable. After the study, physical capacity of the training group was higher; but heart rate and systolic blood pressure were lower significantly. This study showed that short-term low-intensity exercise training for patients hospitalized with AMI did not change ROS and NO productions, but it improved physical capacity and lowered heart rate and systolic blood pressure. NO was negative predictor variable for F2-isoprostane in controlling ROS changes in dynamic compensation mechanism.

Associations of Serum Nitric Oxide with Vitamin D and Other Metabolic Factors in Apparently Healthy Adolescents

“…Similarly, current findings showed an inverse association between vitamin D and NOx. While NOx has shown positive associations between high systolic blood pressure and triglycerides in the girls group, no associations were found with total cholesterol, HDL, and vitamin D. Inverse association has been shown in NOx and systolic blood pressure among patients with myocardial infraction [ 34 ]. In pregnant women with hypertension, NOx synthesis was significantly reduced with increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol [ 35 ].…”

Analysis Of Changes In Nitric Oxide (NO) And F2-Isoprostane Levels After The 30 Km Cycling Event In The Makassar Bike Community

“…The study of Baraas et al, (2013) showed that there was no positive correlation between F 2 -Isoprostane and Nitric Oxide (NO). Nitric Oxide (NO) is a negative predictor variable for F 2 -Isoprostane levels because the higher the Nitric Oxide (NO) level, the lower the F 2 -Isoprostane.…”

“…Oxidative stress will create lesions on the endothelium with the Nitric Oxide (NO) reaction. If there is a decrease in Nitric Oxide (NO) levels in the vascular endothelium, then the body's adaptive capacity decreases and pathological changes occur in metabolism and can potentially lead to coronary heart disease and vascular damage (Astutik et al, 2014;Baraas et al, 2013;Persio et al, 2020). The purpose of this study was to determine the formation of free radicals through F 2 -Isoprostane levels and the function of the endothelium and blood vessels through Nitric Oxide (NO) levels when cycling 30 Km.…”