Effect of Si and Cu additions on the phase composition, microstructure and properties of Al-Sn alloys

Белов, Н. А.; Akopyan, Т. К.; Гершман, Иосиф; Stolyarova, O. O.; Yakovleva, A. O.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.193

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These same processes explain the six-fold increase in the amount of carbon on the friction surface and the five-fold increase in oxygen. As a consequence, the secondary structures on the friction surface are metal-polymer films of different compositions [10,25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of Secondary Structures on the Friction Surface of Experimental Aluminum Alloys for Monometallic Journal Bearings

et al. 2018

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The processes taking place on the friction surface of high-alloyed aluminum alloys working with steel whilst replacing bronze journal bearings with aluminum are investigated. In this regard, eight experimental aluminum alloys with an Sn content from 5.4% to 11.0%, which also included Pb, Zn, Si, Mg, and Cu, were cast. The surface and subsurface layer of experimental aluminum bearings were studied before and after tribological tests with a 38HN3MA steel counterbody by scanning electron microscopy including energy-dispersive analysis. The best aluminum alloy, which had an Sn content of 5.8% after the friction tests, showed 6.5-times better wear resistance and steel counterbody wear rate than the bronze reference. Both structural and compositional changes in the surface layer were observed. It was revealed that secondary structures formed on the surface during the friction process and included all of the chemical elements in the tribosystem, which is a consequence of its self-organization. Generally, the secondary structures are thin metal-polymer films generated as a result of the high carbon and oxygen content. The interaction behavior of some of the chemical elements in the tribosystem is shown and discussed. In addition, the influence that Sn, Pb, Cu, and C content in the secondary structures has on the tribological properties of low-tin and medium-tin alloys is shown.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of Secondary Structures on the Friction Surface of Experimental Aluminum Alloys for Monometallic Journal Bearings

et al. 2018

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“…The addition of Sn can improve the tribological properties [26], but also reduce the hardness of aluminum alloy. Si is added to improve the hardness of Al-Sn bearing alloy, which leads to improvements in the tribological properties [27]. Surface morphologies of oxide films formed after 12 h at different temperatures as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Microstructures Of Al-sn Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Mechanism of Al-Sn Bearing Alloys

Guo

Chen

et al. 2021

Materials

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Oxidation of Al-Sn bearing alloy occurs during production, processing and use, which reduces both alloy performance and performance of coatings applied to the alloy surface. Therefore, the oxidation mechanism of Al-Sn bearing alloy is studied at 25, 180, 300, and 500 °C. The oxidation morphologies of the alloy were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the oxidation products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oxidation weight gain curves were obtained by thermogravimetric analysis. The experimental results show that: Al-Sn bearing alloy is oxidized quickly to form Al2O3. As the oxidation temperature increases, Sn phase start to precipitate along the grain boundary and form networked spheroids of Sn on the alloy surface. The amount of precipitation increases with further increase of the oxidation temperature. Cracks and holes are left in the alloy. The oxide layer is mainly composed of Sn, SnO2, and Al2O3. At 25 °C, oxidation rate of Al-Sn alloy approach zero. At 180, 300, and 500 °C, the oxidation rate increases quickly conforming to a power function, and eventually remains stable at about 3 × 10−6 mg·mm−2·s−1.

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“…Various techniques have been used to fabricate bimetallic bearings, such as casting, welding cast-rolling, cladding and powder metallurgy [1,[5][6][7]. Liquid-solid casting (compound casting) is a unique technique for the fabrication of bimetallic bearings, wherein the working bearing materials are in a liquid state (Al-Sn alloy, Sn-Babbitt alloys, and Cu-Sn alloys) and the supported substrate (mild steel, cast iron, copper alloys) are in a solid state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Optimization of Tin/Flux Mixture for Direct Tinning and Interfacial Bonding in Aluminum/Steel Bimetallic Compound Casting

et al. 2020

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Interfacial bonding highly affects the quality of bimetallic bearing materials, which primarily depend upon the surface quality of a solid metal substrate in liquid–solid compound casting. In many cases, an intermediate thin metallic layer is deposited on the solid substrate before depositing the liquid metal, which improves the interfacial bonding of the opposing materials. The present work aims to develop and optimize the tinning process of a solid carbon steel substrate after incorporating flux constituents with the tin powder. Five ratios of tin-to-flux—i.e., 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20—were used for tinning process of carbon steel solid substrate. Furthermore, the effect of volume ratios of liquid Al-based bearing alloy to solid steel substrate were also varied—i.e., 5:1, 6.5:1 and 8.5:1—to optimize the microstructural and mechanical performance, which were evaluated by interfacial microstructural investigation, bonding area determination, hardness and interfacial strength measurements. It was found that a tin-to-flux ratio of 1:10 offered the optimum performance in AlSn12Si4Cu1/steel bimetallic materials, showing a homogenous and continuous interfacial layer structure, while tinned steels using other percentages showed discontinuous and thin layers, as in 1:5 and 1:15, respectively. Furthermore, bimetallic interfacial bonding area and hardness increased by increasing the volume ratio of liquid Al alloy to solid steel substrate. A complete interface bonding area was achieved by using the volume ratio of liquid Al alloy to solid steel substrate of ≥8.5.

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Effect of Si and Cu additions on the phase composition, microstructure and properties of Al-Sn alloys

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of Secondary Structures on the Friction Surface of Experimental Aluminum Alloys for Monometallic Journal Bearings

Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of Secondary Structures on the Friction Surface of Experimental Aluminum Alloys for Monometallic Journal Bearings

Oxidation Mechanism of Al-Sn Bearing Alloys

Development and Optimization of Tin/Flux Mixture for Direct Tinning and Interfacial Bonding in Aluminum/Steel Bimetallic Compound Casting

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