Effect of silicon on activity coefficients of siderophile elements (Au, Pd, Pt, P, Ga, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in liquid Fe: Roles of core formation, late sulfide matte, and late veneer in shaping terrestrial mantle geochemistry

Righter, K.; Pando, K.; Humayun, M.; Waeselmann, N.; Yang, Shuying; Boujibar, A.; Danielson, L. R.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.04.011

Cited by 29 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…As we have shown in previous experiments involving Pt, Pd, and Au, phosphorus exhibits high and positive epsilon values of 56.8(15.5) (comparable to values of 66 and 69 derived in previous studies of Righter et al. , ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our new results for the experiments with Fe‐Sn‐Ag‐Si‐P and Fe‐Bi‐Cd‐Si‐P show similar behavior to previous experimental series with variable Si content of metal from Righter et al. (, , , ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For these elements, the assumed valence (for Equation ) of Bi is 3+ (e.g., Righter et al. , ), Sn = 4+ (e.g., Capobianco et al. ; this study), and Cd and Ag = 2+ (e.g., Wheeler et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…These conditions were chosen to be consistent with previous studies of activity coefficients for trace metals in Fe‐Si liquids (e.g., Righter et al. , , , ). The pressure of these experiments is lower than the pressure generally expected during core formation for the Earth.…”

Section: Experimental and Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Righter et al. (, ) present a detailed discussion of the various processes that may contribute to the depletion of a volatile siderophile element in the mantle of a differentiated body. These include precursor volatile element depletions (e.g., Lodders ; Norris and Wood ), core formation (e.g., Righter and Drake ; Righter et al.…”

Section: Vse Concentrations In Silicate Mantlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of silicon on activity coefficients of Bi, Cd, Sn, and Ag in liquid Fe‐Si, and implications for differentiation and core formation

Righter¹,

Pando

Ross

et al. 2019

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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The depletion of volatile siderophile elements (VSE) Sn, Ag, Bi, Cd, and P in mantles of differentiated planetary bodies can be attributed to volatile‐depleted precursor materials (building blocks), fractionation during core formation, fractionation into and retention in sulfide minerals, and/or volatile loss associated with magmatism. Quantitative models to constrain the fractionation due to core formation have not been possible due to the lack of activity and partitioning data. Interaction parameters in Fe‐Si liquids have been measured at 1 GPa, 1600 °C and increase in the order Cd (~6), Ag (~10), Sn (~28), Bi (~46), and P (~58). These large and positive values contrast with smaller and negative values in Fe‐S liquids indicating that any chalcophile behavior exhibited by these elements will be erased by dissolution of a small amount of Si in the metallic liquid. A newly updated activity model is applied to Earth, Mars, and Vesta. Five elements (P, Zn, Sn, Cd, and In) in Earth's primitive upper mantle can largely be explained by metal‐silicate equilibrium at high PT conditions where the core‐forming metal is a Fe‐Ni‐S‐Si‐C metallic liquid, but two other—Ag and Bi—become overabundant during core formation and require a removal mechanism such as late sulfide segregation. All of the VSE in the mantle of Mars are consistent with core formation in a volatile element depleted body, and do not require any additional processes. Only P and Ag in Vesta's mantle are consistent with combined core formation and volatile‐depleted precursors, whereas the rest require accretion of chondritic or volatile‐bearing material after core formation. The concentrations of Zn, Ag, and Cd modeled for Vesta's core are similar to the concentration range measured in magmatic iron meteorites indicating that these volatile elements were already depleted in Vesta's precursor materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For these elements, the assumed valence (for Equation ) of Bi is 3+ (e.g., Righter et al. , ), Sn = 4+ (e.g., Capobianco et al. ; this study), and Cd and Ag = 2+ (e.g., Wheeler et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%