Effect of Silver-Containing Titania Layers for Bioactivity, Antibacterial Activity, and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Ti Metal

Abstract

Biomaterials with better osteogenic capacity, rapid osteo-integration, and higher mechanical strength are undoubtedly preferred for successful bone implant development. A porous sodium hydrogen titanate layer was formed on Ti metal by NaOH treatment, and the Na + ions were replaced by Ag + ions by subsequent AgNO 3 treatment that formed silver-containing hydrogen titanate. Heat treatment at 600 °C transformed sodium hydrogen titanate into sodium titanate with sheet-like morphology, whereas silver-containing hydrogen titanate was converted to anatase TiO 2 with an elongated rod-like structure. Further increment in temperature lead to the formation of rutile TiO 2 with distracted network morphology. Between these two, the anatase TiO 2 was ascertained to be bioactive by being capable of forming bonelike apatite in simulated body fluid within a period of 12 h. The concentration of silver on Ti metal was further optimized for better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and biocompatibility toward bone cells. A detailed investigation of thus optimized silver-containing Ti metal on the proliferation and differentiation of multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells further proved their biocompatibility nature and facilitation of osteogenic differentiation, thereby conferring those as ideally suited materials for bioimplant development in bone tissue engineering.

Bioactive and antimicrobial macro-/micro-nanoporous selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V alloy for biomedical applications

“…Surprisingly, when Ca and Ag were co-decorated on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy surface, the bone-like apatite formation could be retained on its surface. From our previous studies and also from the present results, it can be seen that only Ag decorated surface formed anatase TiO 2 whereas rutile TiO 2 was dominant in the case of only Ca decorated Ti–6Al–4V alloy surface [ 32 , 33 ]. When it comes to the co-decoration of Ca and Ag, anatase TiO 2 peaks became more prominent.…”

“…Among these, alkali-heat treatment is the most common and cost-effective as it induces faster bone-bonding ability, both in vitro and in vivo. [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] However, cytotoxicity caused by the Na + ion release from the alkali-heat treated Ti metal/Ti alloy surface can affect the surrounding cells. To address this, in our previous study, the Na + ions in the alkali-heat treated Ti metal was successfully replaced by Ca 2+ ions to improve bioactivity and attract more adhesion of bone cells on the implant surface [ 33 ].…”

“…In another study, we demonstrated that these Na + ions could be easily replaced by Ag + ions forming an anatase TiO 2 on the Ti metal surface. This Ag + ion addition not only favoured the formation of bone-like apatite in SBF but also attributed to the excellent antibacterial activity of Ti metal [ 32 ]. A detailed osteoblastic cell compatibility study of silver-incorporated Ti metal showed good adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human gMSCs [ 32 ].…”

Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties of Ag Nanoparticles and Ag/TiO2 Nanostructures Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

“…Samberg et al have reported no influence of Ag NPs on human adipose-derived stem cell differentiation [ 40 ]. Rajendran et al [ 41 ] have demonstrated the biocompatibility of Ag/TiO 2 anatase structures using MG-63 and MSCs and bactericidal activity against S. aureus . At the same time, a stimulating effect of silver on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was found.…”

Investigation of human hair keratin based nanofiberous scaffold for skin tissue engineering application

“…In brief, the cells were washed with PBS and xed using 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min. Immunostaining was carried out by incubating the cell-laden scaffolds and control cells with anti-αtubulin / anti-Vimentin antibodies at 4°C overnight, as described [25]. DAPI served as the nuclear stain in each.…”