Effect of Simulated Stress on Susceptibility of Bighorn Sheep Neutrophils to Pasteurella Haemolytica Leukotoxin

Shared Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Agents in Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis), Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries), and Goats (Capra hircus) in Montana

“…This research included evidence that Pasteurella sp. strains from clinically normal domestic sheep were pathogenic to bighorn sheep, and a molecular basis for this observation was established [15–17]. Much of this research was conducted under captive conditions or in vitro, due to the challenges of identifying morbid or recently dead animals that are appropriate for sampling, variation in methods for investigating outbreaks, and other challenges for conducting field investigations on bighorn sheep diseases.…”

The effect of environmental factors and husbandry practices on stress in goats

“…Kraabel & Miller (1997) showed susceptibility of bighorn sheep neutrophils to leukotoxin being increased by prior exposure to elevated plasma cortisol concentrations. Brogden et al (1998) and Ackermann & Brogden (2000) also showed that respiratory infections often resulted from adverse physical and physiological stressors or in combination with viral and bacterial infections.…”

Habitat selection and behavioural strategies of Stone's sheep in northern British Columbia.

“…These disturbances have been recognized as imposing energetic costs on sheep and may alter habitat use, increase susceptibility to predation and/or increase nutritional stress (Stockwell et al 1991;Bleich et al 1994). Chronic environmental stress is believed to contribute to the pneumonia epizootics in bighom sheep (Ovis canadensis) (Kraabel and Miller 1997). …”

“…Increases of glucocorticoids under captive conditions have shown to increase the susceptibility of bighorn sheep to pneumonic pasteurollosis (Kraabel and Miller 1997), the most serious infectious disease of wild bighorn sheep (Bunch et al 1999).…”