Effect of Simvastatin and Fenofibrate on Cytokine Release and Systemic Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Mixed Dyslipidemia

Monocyte-suppressing effect of high-dose metformin in fenofibrate-treated patients with impaired glucose tolerance

“…It should be underlined that fenofibrate administered alone to patients with both overt type 2 diabetes and IGT exhibited strong monocyte-suppressing and systemic anti-inflammatory effects [3,4,8,11]. In the latter group of patients, these effects were observed even though fenofibrate-treated IGT patients did not follow any special dietary regimen [8].…”

“…Recent results from our laboratory suggest that fenofibrate, particularly administered together with metformin, produces pluripotential pleiotropic effects, including a reduction in systemic inflammation and monocyte cytokine release, as well as the improvement in insulin sensitivity and hemostasis in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia [4,11]. Similarly, administered to metabolic syndrome patients, fenofibrate not only improved glucose homeostasis (a decrease in fasting and post-challenge plasma glucose, insulin resistance and glycated hemoglobin), but also produced C-reactive protein (CRP)-lowering and monocyte-suppressing effects [3].…”

Lymphocyte-suppressing action of simvastatin in patients with isolated hypertriglyceridemia

“…We have observed that one of the targets for statin action are lymphocytes, cells playing an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the development of its complications [4,19]. Apart from patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia [10,11], lymphocyte-suppressing effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors were observed in patients with mixed dyslipidemia [8], impaired fasting glucose [9] and overt diabetes [6]. However, no previous study examined whether statin affects lymphocyte cytokine release in patients with selectively elevated plasma triglycerides.…”

Porównanie wpływu leczenia hipolipemicznego na wydzielanie cytokin prozapalnych u kobiet i mężczyzn z cukrzycą typu 2 i dyslipidemią aterogenną

“…Type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose at least 126 mg/dL or plasma glucose concentration 2 hours after a glucose load of at least 200 mg/dL; while atherogenic dyslipidaemia was defined as HDL cholesterol levels below 40 mg/dL in men and 50 mg/dL in women, and triglycerides at least 150 mg/dL. Some of these patients were included in our previous study [14] and were eligible for the study, if they met the criteria of atherogenic dyslipidaemia. We excluded subjects with other forms of dyslipidaemias, any acute and chronic inflammatory processes, autoimmune disorders, unstable coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction or stroke within 6 months preceding the study, untreated stage 2 or 3 hypertension (according to the 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines), symptomatic congestive heart failure, body mass index above 35 kg/m 2 , impaired renal or hepatic function, or malabsorption syndromes, as well as patients treated with insulin, oral antidiabetic drugs (with the exception of metformin), drugs known either to affect plasma lipid levels or to interact with statins and fibrates and with drugs that may affect inflammatory processes in the vascular wall (including non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers) within the 3 months preceding the study.…”

“…Previously, we observed that simvastatin and fenofibrate exhibited a similar effect on the secretory function of human monocytes and lymphocytes and on systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects with mixed dyslipidaemia [14]. In the present study, we decided to investigate whether statin and/or fibrate action on cytokine release by activated monocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is sex-dependent.…”