Effect of single particle size, double particle size and triple particle size Al2O3 in Nylon-6 matrix on mechanical properties of feed stock filament for FDM

Singh, Rupinder; Bedi, Piyush; Fraternali, Fernando; Ahuja, Inderpreet Singh

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.039

Cited by 65 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many researchers have begun to develop polymer matrix reinforced composites to broaden the range of materials available for FDM processing. Some selected materials are employed to reinforce polymer, like carbon, glass, Al 2 O 3 , SiC, metal, graphene, and others . Shofner et al observed an increase in ultimate strength of 39% (from 26.9 to 37.4 MPa) and an 86% reduction in strain at failure when ABS was reinforced with 10 wt% vapor‐grown carbon fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA and Al/PLA composite part produced by fused deposition modeling

Zhang

Chen

Mulholland

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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This paper studies the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminum fiber-reinforced PLA composite (Al/PLA) specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The effect of raster angle (0°, 90°, 45°, 0°/90°, and ± 45°) on dynamic mechanical thermal property and tensile property of FDM-printed PLA and Al/PLA has been studied. The results show reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus in Al/PLA composite specimen in comparison with pure PLA specimen. However, the elongation-at-break increases, which is due to Al fiber with the higher elasticity and lower tensile strength than PLA. The addition of Al fibers improves the dynamic mechanical thermal property of pure PLA because of the good interaction of the PLA matrix with the surrounding Al fibers. Raster angle plays an important role in FDM process. All specimens printed with 0°raster angle show highest tensile strength and dynamic mechanical properties, while specimens printed with 90°raster angle have the lowest values. Fractured surfaces indicate that the failure of the specimen with 0°raster angle is due to breaking of individual layers, while for 90°raster angle, specimen fails under separation of the adjacent raster layers. KEYWORDS fused deposition modeling, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile properties, raster angle 1 | INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing (AM) technology constructs components layer by layer through a digital model. It has gained considerable attention because of a lot of advantages compared with traditional manufacturing methods. 1,2 Applications of AM technology are emerging in several fields, such as agriculture, biomedical, aerospace, automobile industry, machinery industry, and food production. 3-7 As one of the most popular AM technologies, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is widely used for polymer printing. 8-10 FDM typically fabricates parts using environment-friendly thermoplastic materials like polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),and nylon, which are melted in the form of filaments and stacked layer by layer to fabricate parts. [11][12][13] A composite material is a material made by many materials having different properties. The formed composite materials have excellent overall properties compared with a single material. 9 Many researchers have begun to develop polymer matrix reinforced composites to broaden the range of materials available for FDM processing. Some selected materials are employed to reinforce polymer, like carbon, glass, Al 2 O 3 , SiC, metal, graphene, and others. [14][15][16][17] observed an increase in ultimate strength of 39% (from 26.9 to 37.4 MPa) and an 86% reduction in strain at failure when ABS was reinforced with 10 wt% vapor-grown carbon fiber. Ning et al 19 found that the tensile strength of 5 wt% carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced ABS composite specimen prepared by FDM was increased 22.5%, although the ductility of CF/ABS composites was lower than that of pure ABS. Zhong et al 16 added short glass fibers of different volume

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA and Al/PLA composite part produced by fused deposition modeling

Zhang

Chen

Mulholland

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…The developments of new materials for FDM are needed to develop in order to increase its application domain in various areas [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The use of recycled plastic waste for the manufacturing of sustainable FDM filaments [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] is receiving special attention. The use of additive manufacturing techniques for the rapid prototyping of unconventional materials and structures with properties mainly derived from their geometric design, such as cutting-edge reinforcing elements of novel composite materials [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], and mechanical meta-materials [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] is also of increasing interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations for Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of ABS-Graphene Blended Prototypes

et al. 2017

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The thermoplastic materials such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and Nylon have large applications in three-dimensional printing of functional/non-functional prototypes. Usually these polymer-based prototypes are lacking in thermal and electrical conductivity. Graphene (Gr) has attracted impressive enthusiasm in the recent past due to its natural mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. This paper presents the step by step procedure (as a case study) for development of an in-house ABS-Gr blended composite feedstock filament for fused deposition modelling (FDM) applications. The feedstock filament has been prepared by two different methods (mechanical and chemical mixing). For mechanical mixing, a twin screw extrusion (TSE) process has been used, and for chemical mixing, the composite of Gr in an ABS matrix has been set by chemical dissolution, followed by mechanical blending through TSE. Finally, the electrical and thermal conductivity of functional prototypes prepared from composite feedstock filaments have been optimized.

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“…In addition to the AQ R-Nylon-6 filaments, the NR R-Nylon-6 filaments studied by Singh et al [19,20,21,22,23,24] were analyzed. Such filaments employ a non-regenerated recycled Nylon-6 as matrix material, which is either used alone [19] or in association with SiC (silicon carbide) and Al 2 O 3 (aluminum oxide) reinforcements [20,21,22,23,24]. For this experimentation work, recycled Nylon-6 granules that were not subject to a regeneration treatment, as in the case of AQ R-Nylon-6 [18], were acquired from the Gujarat fertilizers limited (Vadodara, India) [32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-screw extrusion is a conventional process to produce filaments; however, it may produce manufacturing defects, small pores, air bubbles, and nonuniform mixing [33,34,35,36]. Twin-screw extrusion has emerged as an advanced technique to produce filaments in which such defects are negligible or absent, since this extrusion process allows a high and uniform dispersion of reinforcing particles in the matrix material [20,21,22,23,24,36,37]. The AQ R-Nylon-6 filaments examined in the present study were manufactured through a dedicated extrusion line in the Aquafil plant of Arco (Trento, Italy), equipped with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, type Scientific LTE 20–40 (LTE Scientific Ltd, Greenfield, Oldham, UK), featuring a length (L) to diameter (D) ratio of 40:1, 21 mm diameter screws, 10 housing sections, and dye made of stainless steel for 1.75 mm diameter filament making (operation speed: 600 rpm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of ABS grains was considered in order to study its influence on the reduction of the Melt Flow Index (MFI) of the composite filaments, while that of TiO 2 particles was analyzed with the aim of conferring a white color to the filaments, which leads to a uniform and clean finish of the 3D-printed objects. The properties of the AQ R-Nylon-6 filaments for FDM are analyzed by drawing comparisons with the analogous properties of FDM filaments manufactured from non-regenerated R-Nylon-6 (NR R-Nylon-6), which were investigated in the technical literature over recent years [19,20,21,22,23,24], and some commercially available filaments made from virgin nylon materials. The latter include Nylon-Polyamide 6 (PA6) Low Warp by Spectrum [25], Nylon-645 [26], and Nylon-680 [27] by Taulman3D, as well as Nylon-11 and Nylon-12 filaments for 3D printing [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Performance Nylon-6 Sustainable Filaments for Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2019

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This study deals with the development of Nylon-6 fused deposition modeling (FDM) filaments for additive manufacturing, which couples high mechanical performances with eco-sustainability. These filaments were extruded from recycled Nylon-6 granulates through a dedicated twin-screw extrusion line, which processes either pure Nylon-6 grains, or mixtures of such a material with minor fractions of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The rheological and thermal properties of the investigated filaments are analyzed, including melt flow index, melting temperature, and decomposition temperature, which are of the utmost importance when avoiding the overheating and decomposition of the material. Such a study is conducted in both pre-extrusion and post-extrusion conditions. The tensile strength, the wear resistance, and the printability of the examined recycled Nylon-6 filaments are also studied by comparing the properties of such filaments with those exhibited by different nylon-based filaments for FDM that are available in the market. The given results show that the recycling of Nylon-6 through the “caprolactam” regeneration route enables the newly formed material to retain high physical and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength at yield in the interval 55.79–86.91 MPa. Referring to the basic composition of the filaments examined in the present study, this remarkably high-yield strength is accompanied by a Young modulus of 1.64 GPa, and wear resistance of 92 µm, under a 15 min/1 kg load pin-on-disk test carried at the sliding speed of 250 rpm.

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Effect of single particle size, double particle size and triple particle size Al2O3 in Nylon-6 matrix on mechanical properties of feed stock filament for FDM

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA and Al/PLA composite part produced by fused deposition modeling

Effects of raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA and Al/PLA composite part produced by fused deposition modeling

Investigations for Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of ABS-Graphene Blended Prototypes

High-Performance Nylon-6 Sustainable Filaments for Additive Manufacturing

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