Effect of Sintering Temperature and Applied Load on Anode-Supported Electrodes for SOFC Application

Nguyen, Xuan–Vien; Chang, Chang-Tsair; Jung, Guo-Bin; Chan, S. H.; Huang, Wilson Chao-Wei; Hsiao, Kai-Jung; Lee, Win-Tai; Chang, Shu‐Wei; Kao, I-Cheng

doi:10.3390/en9090701

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A porous microstructure that showed partial sintering was achieved, which was consistent with the measured densities of the samples. Utilization of the cold sintering process resulted in limited grain growth in the anode which enhanced long triple-phase boundary densities when compared to conventionally sintered NiO-8YSZ anodes in the literature. , For example, Brown et al reported that Ni-8YSZ anodes fabricated by cosintering of NiO and 8YSZ powders contained particles that were up to 3 μm in size when the sintering procedure was carried out at 1300 °C . Particle sizes up to 5 μm were observed when the sintering temperature was raised to 1500 °C .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Sintering of Anode-Supported 8YSZ/NiO-8YSZ Bilayers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Ucun

Murutoglu

Ulasan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In this study, fabrication of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by cold sintering process (CSP) of electrolyte and anode layers was studied for the first time. A crackfree thin layer of 8YSZ electrolyte supported by a porous NiO-8YSZ anode was obtained by using the cold sintering process at 200 °C and 450 MPa uniaxial pressure for 1 h which then was post sintered at 1225 °C in conventional furnaces. Despite the much lower post-sintering temperatures as compared to the conventional ones at about 1400 °C, a continuous electrolyte/anode interface that was free of any defects such as delamination was achieved. Monolithic electrolyte prepared under identical conditions reached 95% of its theoretical density. Utilization of the cold sintering process resulted in limited grain growth in the anode which enhanced long triple-phase boundary densities. SOFCs constructed from cold-sintered 8YSZ/NiO-8YSZ bilayers exhibited opencircuit potentials of 0.90−0.85 V at 700−800 °C, confirming a fairly dense 8YSZ electrolyte. The highest power density achieved at 800 °C was 158 mW/cm 2 , which most likely would have the potential to be improved significantly upon further decreasing the anode thickness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Sintering of Anode-Supported 8YSZ/NiO-8YSZ Bilayers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Ucun

Murutoglu

Ulasan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…It is interesting to find that there are very similar iop-Vop relationships between cells 1 and 2, while estimated iop based on the relevant smaller electrode surface area (i.e., Aca in current case). There is no obvious difference between the performance results For a button cell, the support component layer is always fabricated with a relative lager surface area compared with the measured electrode [32] (i.e., the anode surface area in current button cell is 3.14 cm 2 and the corresponding surface area of measured cathode is only 2 cm 2 ). Obviously, for a specified output voltage V op , the responded operating current density i op can be evaluated by two ways, divided the output current I op by A an for a larger value or A ca for a lower value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geometry Effect of Cathode/Anode Areas Ratio on Electrochemical Performance of Button Fuel Cell Using Mixed Conducting Materials

Chen

Ding

et al. 2018

Energies

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Intermediate temperature (IT) fuel cells using mixed conducting materials have been reported by many researchers by adopting different compositions, microstructures, manufacture processes and testing conditions. Most i op -V op relationships of these button electrochemical devices are experimentally achieved based on anode or cathode surface area (i.e., A an = A ca ). In this paper, a 3D multi-physics model for a typical IT solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that carefully considers detail electrochemical reaction, electric leakage, and e − , ion and gas transporting coupling processes has been developed and verified to study the effect of A ca /A an on button cell i op -V op performance. The result shows that the over zone of the larger electrode can enhance charges and gas transport capacities within a limited scale of only 0.03 cm. The over electrode zone exceed this width would be inactive. Thus, the active zone of button fuel cell is restricted within the smaller electrode area min(A an , A ca ) due to the relative large disc radius and thin component layer. For a specified V op , evaluating the responded i op by dividing output current I op with min(A an , A ca ) for a larger value is reasonable to present real performance in the current device scale of cm. However, while the geometry of button cells or other electrochemical devices approach the scale less than 100 µm, the effect of over electrode zone on electrochemical performance should not be ignored. Energies 2018, 11, 1875 2 of 16 within mixed conducting CeO 2−x electrode [12]. S. Wang et al. compared the performances of various LSCF-based cathodes and found that LSCF-SDC exhibited a larger activation overpotential than did the single-phase LSCF cathode [13]. More interestingly, the LSM-coated LSCF composite electrode was reported to exhibit a lower activation overpotential compared with that in a pure LSCF cathode [13]. Furthermore, proton conducting oxides [14], such as BaZr 0.7 Pr 0.1 Y 0.2 O 3_d [15] and BaZr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.2 O 3_d [16] were also greatly invented to be used in IT-SOFCs because of their low activation energy and high ionic conductivity around IT-range.Generally, the electrochemical reaction processed within an IT-SOFC using mixed conducting materials or proton conducting oxides are very different from those using conventional composite electrodes [17]. Taking the cathode of LSCF-SDC/SDC/NI-SDC IT-SOFC using mixed conducting materials as an example [13], the electrochemically active sites not only can be taken placed around the percolated three phase boundary sites (i.e., LSCF-SDC-pores and LSCF-dense electrolyte interfaces), but also can happen around the percolated double phase boundary sites (e.g., LSCF-pore) [18]. Up to now, many IT-SOFC button cells using the mixed conducting materials have been reported by many researchers by adopting different compositions (or materials), volume fractions, microstructure parameters, manufacture processes, operating conditions and different cell geometry sizes. It is interesting to note that differe...

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“…The cell includes three anode layers, each with a thickness of 180 µm, an anode functional layer with a thickness of 20 µm, an electrolyte layer with a thickness of 18 µm, and a cathode paste layer with a thickness of 25 µm. The four kinds of layers were stacked (cathode layer at the top, then the electrolyte layer, then the anode functional layer, and the anode layers at the bottom) [23]. The SOFC cells fabrication procedure is shown schematically in Figure 1.…”

Section: Anode-supported Cell Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Six-Cell Two-Dimensional Configuration Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Based on Planar 6 × 6 cm Anode-Supported Cells

Nguyen

2019

Energies

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Using energy efficiently and reducing environmental pollution caused by energy consumption are becoming increasingly important. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack configuration was designed to be operated with six cells. This design could potentially be applied in thermal power plants in developing countries where waste heat is more plentiful; the 2D configuration six-cell stack could be an elementary module, and such modules could be more easily placed in contact with hot walls where waste heat recovery is required. In this report, the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of the stack are described. The stack, with six 6 × 6 cm2 cells (5 × 5 cm2 effective area), is connected in series and operates successfully. The results show that the maximum potential of the six-cell stack is around 5.5 V (0.92 V per unit cell) at 700 °C. The maximum output power of the stack is 6.0 W at 700 °C, with humidified hydrogen (with 3% H2O) as the fuel. The results show that the six-cell 2D configuration SOFC stack can be innovatively constructed.

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Effect of Sintering Temperature and Applied Load on Anode-Supported Electrodes for SOFC Application

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Cold Sintering of Anode-Supported 8YSZ/NiO-8YSZ Bilayers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Cold Sintering of Anode-Supported 8YSZ/NiO-8YSZ Bilayers for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The Geometry Effect of Cathode/Anode Areas Ratio on Electrochemical Performance of Button Fuel Cell Using Mixed Conducting Materials

Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Six-Cell Two-Dimensional Configuration Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Based on Planar 6 × 6 cm Anode-Supported Cells

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