Effect of slag basicity and oxygen potential on the distribution of boron and phosphorus between slag and silicon

Johnston, M.D.; Barati, Mansoor

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.10.033

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A number of impurity elements have been evaluated and the difficulties associated with the removal of boron and phosphorus in silicon refining have been widely discussed and studied. [14][15][16][17][18] We have, in previous publications, reported on the origin and distribution of trace elements in the ladle as well as the elemental composition of the diffuse emissions and silica fume generation during the OLR process. [19][20][21] The origin and distribution of different impurities and trace elements in the furnace process has been studied and reported by Myrhaug and Tveit.…”

Section: Metallurgical Grade Silicon (Mg-si)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Kinetics of Selected Elements in the Industrial Silicon Process

Kero

Næss

Andersen

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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An industrial oxidative ladle refining process of metallurgical grade silicon has been experimentally examined. An extensive industrial sampling campaign has been performed and samples of silicon and slag have been analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The elemental concentrations of 45 elements have been evaluated with respect to sampling time during the refining process. Major elements, such as Ca and Al, as well as trace elements are studied. The refining kinetics is discussed and groups of elements with different behaviors are distinguished. For 21 elements, which are responsive to the refining process, kinetic parameters are established. The alkaline and alkaline earth elements are identified as having the highest refining rates, whereas the rare earth elements are slower and most transition metals are quite unresponsive to the oxidative refining operation.

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Section: Metallurgical Grade Silicon (Mg-si)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Kinetics of Selected Elements in the Industrial Silicon Process

Kero

Næss

Andersen

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Although many of the binary Si-Me alloy systems are thermodynamically described, the element distribution among a complex slag, a silicon alloy, and fume has, to date, not been measured and no attempt to predict it has been made. 3,9,[13][14][15] In the present study, the elemental distribution of this complex system is experimentally determined and compared with previously available data through the use of modern databases.…”

Section: The Refining Process and The Oxidation Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element Distribution in Silicon Refining: Thermodynamic Model and Industrial Measurements

Næss

Kero

Tranell

et al. 2013

JOM

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To establish an overview of impurity elemental distribution among silicon, slag, and gas/fume in the refining process of metallurgical grade silicon (MGSi), an industrial measurement campaign was performed at the Elkem Salten MG-Si plant in Norway. Samples of in-and outgoing mass streams, i.e., tapped Si, flux and cooling materials, refined Si, slag, and fume, were analyzed by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), with respect to 62 elements. The elemental distributions were calculated and the experimental data compared with equilibrium estimations based on commercial and proprietary, published databases and carried out using the ChemSheet software. The results are discussed in terms of boiling temperatures, vapor pressures, redox potentials, and activities of the elements. These model calculations indicate a need for expanded databases with more and reliable thermodynamic data for trace elements in general and fume constituents in particular.

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“…Despite the success of CVD-based techniques, such as Siemens, in meeting and exceeding the purity requirements of SoG-Si (6N), their operating costs are prohibitively expensive for PV applications. Consequently, processes based on low cost metallurgical purification techniques such as slag refining [2][3][4], plasma treatment [5], and solvent refining are being investigated in order to lower the production cost of SoG-Si.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study on physical separation, Morita and Yoshikawa [13,14] attempted to separate the crystals of Si grown from a Si-Al melt by applying an electromagnetic field on the alloy during the solidification process and then floating the Si on the melt surface. The gravity separation did not prove effective because the density difference between the Si grains and eutectic melt (Al-Si) was not sufficiently large (approximately 0.1 g/cm 3 ). However, the solidification under a fixed alternating magnetic field resulted in the successful separation of Si dendrites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Purification of metallurgical silicon using iron as an impurity getter part I: Growth and separation of Si

Esfahani

Barati

2011

Met. Mater. Int.

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The purification of metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si) using a combination of solvent refining and physical separation is studied. MG-Si was alloyed with iron and solidified under different cooling rates in order to grow pure Si dendrites from the alloy. The Si dendrites were then separated using a gravity-based method. The separation method relies on the significantly different densities of Si and FeSi2, and it uses a heavy liquid with specific gravity between the two phases to float the light Si particles to the surface of the liquid, while the heavy iron silicide sinks. The effects of the particle size and cooling rate on the yield and separation efficiency of the Si phase were investigated by quantifying the fraction of Si in the sinks and floats. The results demonstrate that the crushing size of the particles prior to separation should be approximately the same as the width of the dendrites in order to maximize the separation efficiency while simultaneously lowering the grinding cost.

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Effect of slag basicity and oxygen potential on the distribution of boron and phosphorus between slag and silicon

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Refining Kinetics of Selected Elements in the Industrial Silicon Process

Refining Kinetics of Selected Elements in the Industrial Silicon Process

Element Distribution in Silicon Refining: Thermodynamic Model and Industrial Measurements

Purification of metallurgical silicon using iron as an impurity getter part I: Growth and separation of Si

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