Effect of slope on spread of a linear flame front over a pine needle fuel bed: experiments and modelling

Liu, Naian; Jing, Wu; Chen, Haixiang; Xie, Xiaodong; Zhang, Li Min; Yao, Bin; Zhu, Jianqin; Shan, Yanlong

doi:10.1071/wf12189

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…With reference to Wu () and Liu, Wu, and Xie (), the preparation methods of samples with different bulk densities were as follows: the samples were laid layer by layer in a fixed volume discharge box. When the thickness of the samples reached the approved height, we stopped loading samples, measured the mass of the samples in the discharge box, and calculated the bulk density of the fuel bed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of lightning ignition characteristics based on an impulse current generator

Feng

Shen

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Lightning strike is an important ignition source of forest fires. Artificial lightning discharge is a method for studying lightning fires. However, there is not enough data on the ignition of combustible materials caused by artificial lightning discharge. Previous studies on lightning ignition have focused on the heating and ignition effects of long continuing current (LCC), but the function of the impulse current that occurs before the LCC has not been taken into account. In this paper, an impulse current generator of 8/20 μs was used to simulate the ignition effect of impulse current on conifer needle beds. Different current waveforms have different ignition characteristics. We compared five kinds of conifer needle beds. The average of the current needed to ignite the needle bed of Larix gmelinii (Ruprecht) Kuzeneva was the smallest, and the average of the breakdown voltage was the smallest for the needle bed of Pinus massoniana Lamb. The total energy input to the conifer needle beds was fitted as a multiple log‐linear regression model. The heating energy proportion value varies with different bulk densities, current amplitudes, and moisture contents. Based on this data, the heating energy of the impulse current transferred to the needles can be predicted. This information in conjunction with previous research on LCC was used to derive a lightning ignition prediction model of the full waveform for conifer needle beds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of lightning ignition characteristics based on an impulse current generator

Feng

Shen

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The majority of these studies have only considered local climatic factors, particularly, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and meteorological droughts which control the ignitability and spread of fire (Clarke et al, 2013;Flannigan et al, 2009Flannigan et al, , 2013Russo et al, 2017). A handful of studies have focused on the effect of slope on fire propagation (Butler et al, 2007;Estes et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2014) and fuel moisture content (Burton et al, 2019). Only a few of these variables (particularly, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and meteorological drought) are accounted for in the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) (Noble et al, 1980), which is widely used to assess the probability of bushfire occurrence in Australian landscapes (Verdon et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of the Widespread 2019–2020 Australian Bushfire Season

et al. 2020

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The recent bushfires (2019-2020) in New South Wales (NSW) Australia were catastrophic by claiming human and animal lives, affecting ecosystems, destroying infrastructure, and more. Recent studies have investigated relationships between hydroclimatic signals and past bushfires, and very recently, a few commentary papers claimed drought and fuel moisture content as the probable causes for the widespread 2019-2020 bushfires. Therefore, in this study, a novel work of encompassing a wide range of factors attributing to the recent bushfires is presented. Empirical evidence-based statistical methods are used to identify the hydroclimatic variables and geomorphic characteristics contributing to the 2019-2020 bushfires. The results highlight that ongoing drought, surface soil moisture (SSM), wind speed (WS10), relative humidity (RH), heat waves (HW), dead and live fuel moisture, and certain land cover types create favorable conditions for fire ignition and aid in fire propagation in different regions of the NSW state. The findings suggest that accounting for the above-identified variables in bushfire prediction and monitoring system are crucial in avoiding such catastrophes in the future. The overarching application of this study is developing robust and more versatile fire protection planning and management. Plain Language Summary Since the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires were catastrophic in terms of burnt area and severity, a detailed analysis of the primary causes is crucial. In this paper, several probable causes are tested statistically to establish their relationship with the burnt area. The results indicate that the ongoing drought, surface soil moisture, wind speed, relative humidity, heat waves, dead and live fuel moisture, and land cover with certain vegetation (particularly native eucalyptus and grazing land) are the primary causes of the widespread bushfire. These results are extremely critical in updating the current bushfire planning and management.

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“…The topographic slope is commonly accepted to be an essential factor affecting the manner of wildland surface fire propagation [1][2][3][4][5]. Compared to a fire under level topography, a slope-driven fire is often associated with a faster rate of spread (ROS) and the potential of extreme fire behaviors [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fuel Bed Width on Upslope Fire Spread: An Experimental Study

Liu

Xie

et al. 2020

Fire Technol

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In this work, a series of experiments across a porous fuel bed of pine excelsior with two sidewalls were conducted under different slope and fuel bed width conditions. It was observed that the fire line stayed straight during fire spread after the initial line ignition for all tests. Flame length and rate of spread (ROS) increased with increasing slope angle or fuel bed width. A dimensionless correlation of ROS was developed that integrated the effects of slope and fuel bed width. For a lower slope angle (£ 20°in this work), the reverse airflow that denoted natural convective cooling for unburnt fuel was identified from the measured flow velocity data, for which flame radiation was the dominant preheating mechanism. For a higher slope angle (30°in this work), it was identified that the forward airflow from the burning area induced convective heating ahead of the flame front, and thus the fuel preheating was controlled by both flame radiation and convective heating. The effect of convective heating was more significant under larger fuel bed widths.

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Effect of slope on spread of a linear flame front over a pine needle fuel bed: experiments and modelling

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Investigation of lightning ignition characteristics based on an impulse current generator

Investigation of lightning ignition characteristics based on an impulse current generator

Causes of the Widespread 2019–2020 Australian Bushfire Season

Effect of Fuel Bed Width on Upslope Fire Spread: An Experimental Study

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