Effect of small-scale illegal mining on surface water and sediment quality in Ghana

Darko, H. F.; Karikari, Anthony Yaw; Duah, Anthony A.; Akurugu, Bismark Awinbire; Mante, Victor; Teye, Frank Oblim

doi:10.1080/15715124.2021.2002345

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the results of the comparative study are good, with similarities with the report of [34], concentrations of DO in water bodies of Can Tho city, Hau Giang and Soc Trang Province ranged from 3.11±0.64 to 5.68±0.16 mg/L. The low DO value may indicate organic pollution in the water [35], originating from domestic and production wastewater arising from residential areas, urban areas, and market centers in the study area. In general, the DO concentration in surface water in the study area did not reach the threshold prescribed by QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT (DO ≥ 4 mg/L), in particular at 6 locations (S4, S5, S6, S8, S10 and S12) have a DO content greater than 4 mg/L.…”

Section: Suspended Solids and Oxygen Demandsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…3b). DO concentrations less than 5 mg/L may adversely affect functioning and survival of biological communities, and DO concentrations less than 2 mg/L may lead to death of most fish species [35]. From that, it can be seen that the DO content in surface water in the study area is no longer suitable for organisms to grow.…”

Section: Suspended Solids and Oxygen Demandmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In addition, high TSS concentrations in the surface waters and exceeding the allowable limit of the standard were also recorded in many water bodies in the Mekong Delta such as Soc Trang, An Giang and Hau Giang Provinces with values of 95.79±8.45 mg/L, 53.33±3.59-59.59±8.82 mg/L and 53.6-73.6 mg/L, respectively [12,19,34] and TSS contamination of surface water is one of the main concerns of the region. TSS can clog fish gills, either killing them or reducing their growth rate [35]. This leads to a decrease in photosynthesis and oxygen production by algae, the resultant decrease in primary production reduces food availability for aquatic organisms higher up the food chain.…”

Section: Suspended Solids and Oxygen Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Water Quality in Urban Areas in Southern Most Province of Vietnam

Hong,

Mi,

Giao

2023

IJESD

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This study aims to assess the influence of socioeconomic activities on surface water quality in the Ca Mau province. Water quality data were collected at 14 locations in 2021. Water quality index (VN_WQI), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied in the study. The results showed that the surface water quality was contaminated organic matters (TSS, BOD, COD) and coliform. Water quality was assessed from poor to medium levels by VN_WQI and the water quality is unsuitable for direct irrigation purposes. The results also showed that water quality at Ganh Hao river fork (S2) was the most polluted. HCA classified water quality into three groups based on the similarity of water quality parameters. Pearson correlation results indicated organic pollution, nutrients and microorganisms were mutually related. PCA explained 83.60% of the total variance with three PCs. Ten parameters were identified as the key water parameters influencing surface water quality and these parameters should be continuously monitored. The water pollution sources were possibly urban and market activities, production facilities discharge and salinity intrusion.

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Section: Suspended Solids and Oxygen Demandsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Suspended Solids and Oxygen Demandmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Suspended Solids and Oxygen Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Water Quality in Urban Areas in Southern Most Province of Vietnam

Hong,

Mi,

Giao

2023

IJESD

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“…The presence of mercury in the surface waters of the Pra Basin has been attributed to illegal mining activities where the use of mercury to extract gold is common. Darko et al [52] also reported turbidity in some nearby rivers ranging from 12 to 4645 NTU, which is above the acceptable limits of 5 NTU in surface water bodies [52]. Their study also found Fe (total) concentrations as high as 30 mg/L with a mean of 7.7 mg/L, above the WHO standard of 0.1 mg/L for drinking water.…”

Section: Assessment Of Surface Water Quality For Drinking and Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Hydrochemical Characterization of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Crystalline Basement Aquifer System in the Pra Basin (Ghana)

Manu

Lucia

Kühn

2023

Water

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The quality of groundwater resources in the Pra Basin (Ghana) is threatened by ongoing river pollution from illegal mining. To date, there are very limited data and literature on the hydrochemical characteristics of the basin. For the first time, we provide regional hydrochemical data on surface water and groundwater to gain insight into the geochemical processes and quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. We collected 90 samples from surface water (rivers) and groundwater (boreholes) and analysed them for their chemical parameters. We performed a water quality assessment using conventional water quality rating indices for drinking water and irrigation. Cluster and factor analysis were performed on the hydrochemical data to learn the chemical variations in the hydrochemical data. Bivariate ion plots were used to interpret the plausible geochemical processes controlling the composition of dissolved ions in surface water and groundwater. The water quality assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed that 74% of surface water and 20% of groundwater samples are of poor drinking quality and, therefore, cannot be used for drinking purposes. For irrigation, surface water and groundwater are of good quality based on Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Wilcox diagram and United States Salinity (USSL) indices. However, Mn and Fe (total) concentrations observed in most surface water samples are above the acceptable limit for irrigation and therefore require treatment to avoid soil acidification and loss of availability of vital soil nutrients. Manganese and iron (total) are identified as the main contaminants affecting the basin’s water quality. The hierarchical cluster analysis highlights the heterogeneity in the regional hydrochemical data, which showed three distinct spatial associations based on elevation differences. Groundwater composition chemically evolves from a Ca–HCO3 to a Na–HCO3 and finally to a Na–Cl water type along the flow regime from the recharge to the discharge zone. The bivariate ion plot and the factor analysis underscore silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution and ion exchange as the most likely geochemical processes driving the hydrochemical evolution of the Pra Basin groundwater. Going forward, geochemical models should be implemented to elucidate the dominant reaction pathways driving the evolution of groundwater chemistry in the Pra Basin.

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“…Pearson correlation analysis showed DO has a negative correlation with temperature, TDS, EC, water hardness, salinity, nitrite, and ammonia, whereas positive correlation with resistivity (Table3). High TDS, electrical conductivity, hardness, and salinity often indicate the presence of dissolved salts and minerals in the water(Darko et al 2023). These dissolved solids can reduce the water's capacity to hold oxygen, leading to lower dissolved oxygen levels(Zhao et al 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Water Quality of River Yamuna, India: A Comprehensive Spatial-Temporal Analysis Using Advanced Indices and Multivariate Statistical Techniques.

Antil,

Maurya,

Dagar

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The escalating issue of heavy metal pollution is a global concern, primarily due to its toxic and persistent nature, further exacerbated by a continuous surge in concentrations above recommended thresholds. This study examines the spatial-temporal dynamics of water quality along the Yamuna River through physicochemical parameters, heavy metal analysis, advanced approaches such as the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) & Ecological Risk Index (ERI), and multivariate statistical techniques (Principal Component Analysis). It was identified that Wazirabad after drain (WBAD) exhibits poor water quality, with levels of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Ammonia, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and five heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Ni) exceeding Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) permissible limits. During the pre-monsoon season, HPI values surpassed the critical threshold (100) in WBBD (146.69), WBAD (267.13), and PJ (204.80), while in the post-monsoon season, only PJ (115) exhibited elevated HPI values. Ecological risk assessment highlighted Cd, Pb, and Ni as major risk elements, posing significant environmental threats. Pearson Correlation analysis and PCA identified two distinct groups of heavy metals, suggesting distinct contamination sources for Co, Cd, and Cu compared to the Fe-Cr-Pb-Mn-Zn-Ni group. This thorough study not only emphasizes the critical condition of water quality in the Delhi region but also provides valuable insights into the sources and distribution of heavy metals, offering a valuable foundation for targeted intervention and mitigation strategies to address the pressing issue of heavy metal pollution.

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Effect of small-scale illegal mining on surface water and sediment quality in Ghana

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Surface Water Quality in Urban Areas in Southern Most Province of Vietnam

Surface Water Quality in Urban Areas in Southern Most Province of Vietnam

Hydrochemical Characterization of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Crystalline Basement Aquifer System in the Pra Basin (Ghana)

Insights into Water Quality of River Yamuna, India: A Comprehensive Spatial-Temporal Analysis Using Advanced Indices and Multivariate Statistical Techniques.

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