Effect of Smoking on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression

Leite, Fábio Renato Manzolli; Nascimento, Gustavo G.; Scheutz, Flemming; López, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.014

Cited by 361 publications

(290 citation statements)

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“…35 The association between smoking and periodontitis is greatly established, as well as a strong risk association between smoking and the progression of periodontitis can be clinically seen, mainly among the so-called heavy smokers. 36 Antal et al, 37 found a strong association between periodontitis and psoriasis, especially in its most severe form. In the present study it was observed an increased risk of 91% between smoking and periodontitis (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.19-3.07; p = 0.008), showing a strong association between smoking and both diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontitis as another comorbidity associated with psoriasis: A case‐control study

Mendes

Cota

Costa

et al. 2018

Journal of Periodontology

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Background The association between periodontitis and immuno‐mediated inflammatory diseases has been widely studied and recognized each more over the past few years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association between psoriasis and periodontitis, as well as the influence of risk variables in this association. Methods This case‐control study included 756 individuals, 397 with psoriasis, and 359 controls. A full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed, recording therefore plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. The influence of risk variables was tested by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results A high prevalence of periodontitis was observed among cases (46.1%) when compared to controls (33.1%). Individuals with psoriasis presented a 1.72 higher chance of having periodontitis than controls (OR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.28–2.32; p < 0.001) in the univariate analysis, but with no significance in the multivariate model. The prevalence of periodontitis increased significantly according to the severity of psoriasis [mild form (44.4%); moderate (46.3%); and advanced (47.1%)] when compared to the control group (33.1%). The final multivariate logistic model showed that the number of teeth (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.14; p = 0.018), smoking (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.19–3.07; p = 0.008), and body mass index (OR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.11–1.16; p < 0.001) remained significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontitis. Conclusions The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in individuals with psoriasis than in controls. Severity of psoriasis also presented a strong relationship with all periodontal clinical parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, smoking also affected the clinical severity of psoriasis and its response to treatment . The association between smoking and periodontitis is greatly established, as well as a strong risk association between smoking and the progression of periodontitis can be clinically seen, mainly among the so‐called heavy smokers …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontitis as another comorbidity associated with psoriasis: A case‐control study

Mendes

Cota

Costa

et al. 2018

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Although they are associated with periodontitis and increase the likelihood of future periodontal breakdown, they cannot be considered to be reliable enough to indicate when periodontitis is in its active phase. This applies to even the grade modifiers smoking and diabetes that are well-known risk factors for periodontitis [3][4][5]. The current grading parameters are mainly able to predict that it is likely that the periodontal breakdown occurs in the future, but not the exact time when it is occurring.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a Grading and Staging Biomarker in the Periodontitis Classification

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of incorporating active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) as a biomarker into the new periodontitis classification system (stage/grade) presented in 2018. This study included 150 Greek adults aged 25-78, of whom 74 were men and 76 women. Participants were tested with an aMMP-8 point-of-care mouthrinse test, after which a full-mouth clinical examination was performed to assess their periodontal and oral health. The aMMP-8 levels in mouthrinse were significantly lower among healthy patients compared with patients in more severe periodontitis stages and grades (Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni test for pairwise post-hoc comparisons; p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, aMMP-8 levels were less correlated with plaque levels than bleeding on probing (BOP) (Spearman's rho = 0.269, p < 0.001; Spearman's rho = 0.586, p < 0.001); respectively). Thus, aMMP-8 was more robust to the confounding effects of oral hygiene than traditional periodontal parameter bleeding on probing. The aMMP-8 point-of-care mouthrinse test can be utilized as an adjunctive and preventive diagnostic tool to identify periodontal disease, classified by stage and grade, and ongoing periodontal breakdown chairside in clinical practice in only 5 min. Overall, integrating aMMP-8 into the new periodontitis classification system seems beneficial.

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“…oral and lung microbiome [136], and are associated with an increased frequency of periodontitis [165,166]. There are thus many ways whereby smoking may make self and nonself molecules available for antigen processing and presentation in the lungs and associated mucosal surfaces, and whereby immune reactions may be initiated.…”

Section: Gene-environment Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of differences; On environment and its interactions with genes and immunity in the causation of rheumatoid arthritis

et al. 2020

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Effect of Smoking on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression

Cited by 361 publications

References 50 publications

Periodontitis as another comorbidity associated with psoriasis: A case‐control study

Periodontitis as another comorbidity associated with psoriasis: A case‐control study

Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a Grading and Staging Biomarker in the Periodontitis Classification

The importance of differences; On environment and its interactions with genes and immunity in the causation of rheumatoid arthritis

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