2016
DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.184
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Effect of smoking on retrobulbar blood flow in thyroid eye disease

Abstract: PurposeTo evaluate the effect of smoking on retrobulbar blood flow parameters by color Doppler imaging in patients with thyroid eye disease.Patients and methodsIn this observational case series, blood flow parameters in the ophthalmic artery, superior ophthalmic vein, central retinal artery, and vein were determined by color Doppler imaging in patients with thyroid eye disease. Patients were grouped as smokers and non-smokers. Never smokers and those who had stopped smoking for at least 1 year before onset of … Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of TED, the development of more severe forms of TED (particularly those associated with proptosis and diplopia), and to delayed responses to immunosuppressive therapies [1921]. A study conducted in patients with mild TED found that steroid therapy did not halt the progression of TED in smokers [20].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of TED, the development of more severe forms of TED (particularly those associated with proptosis and diplopia), and to delayed responses to immunosuppressive therapies [1921]. A study conducted in patients with mild TED found that steroid therapy did not halt the progression of TED in smokers [20].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…20 Blood flow velocity of the central retinal artery (CRA) and vein (CRV) has been studied in TED. Sadeghi-Tari et al 8 didn't find any significant differences in color doppler parameters of CRA and CRV between smokers and non-smokers in TED.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Another possible explanation is that; As the total retinal thickness is the summation of all the retinal layers, any changes in the thickness of the retinal layers are more obvious when all the layers are put together (total retinal thickness). Sadeghi-Tari et al 8 using color doppler imaging reported that cigarette smoking can be associated with orbital venous congestion. On the other hand, Tamaki et al 20 using the laser speckle method, showed that smoking possibly can increase blood velocity in choroidal tissue.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The effects of smoking on retrobulbar blood ow with Doppler ultrasonography were investigated in Graves' disease. It was reported that smoking signi cantly decreases venous pressure of superior ophthalmic vein Graves' disease [4].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Knowledge of the hemodynamic effects of smoking on ophthalmic vasculature is limited. Role of smoking on retrobulbar blood ow was reported in Graves' disease by using colour Doppler imaging [4]. The authors declared decreased venous pressure of superior ophthalmic vein in smokers [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%