Effect of Sn and In on the natural ageing kinetics of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Liu, Meng; Zhang, Xingpu; Körner, Benedikt; Elsayed, Mohamed; Liang, Zhen; Leyvraz, David; Banhart, John

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100261

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Consequently, smaller but more densely distributed clusters are formed in alloy 6014-70Sn than in alloy 6014. This is supported by our previous resistivity measurements [34], as well as by a comparable phenomenon observed in Al-Mg-Si alloys containing Cu atoms, which also have stronger binding with vacancies than Mg/Si solutes [45]. After 8 h of NA, clusters are formed.…”

Section: Sn-induced Positive Effect Of Natural Ageing (Na)supporting

confidence: 85%

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Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

J Mater Sci

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Both Sn addition and pre-ageing are known to be effective in maintaining the artificial ageing potential after natural ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys. In this study, the combined effects of Sn addition and pre-ageing at 100 °C or 180 °C on natural secondary ageing and subsequent artificial ageing of an alloy AA6014 were investigated using hardness, electrical resistivity, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy characterizations. It is found that pre-ageing can suppress natural secondary ageing and improve the artificial ageing hardening kinetics and response after 1 week of natural secondary ageing in both alloys with and without Sn addition. The effect of pre-ageing at 100 °C is more pronounced in the Sn-free alloy while the combination of pre-ageing at 180 °C and adding Sn shows superiority in suppressing natural secondary ageing and thus avoiding the undesired hardening before artificial ageing. Moreover, when natural ageing steps up to 8 h are applied before pre-ageing at 100 °C, the effect of pre-ageing in Sn-added alloy can be further improved. The influence of Sn on vacancies at different ageing temperatures is discussed to explain the observed phenomena. Graphical abstract

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Section: Sn-induced Positive Effect Of Natural Ageing (Na)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…2a), a lower consumption of solutes during PA in alloy 6014-70Sn can be deduced. Moreover, because Sn alters the ageing course only through controlling vacancy migration [34], the larger NSA potential in alloy 6014-70Sn can be attributed to more available residual solutes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

J Mater Sci

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“…The times required to reach peak hardness for the L-M-Sn and L-M alloys were 3 and 5 h, respectively, whose peak hardness values were 116 and 119.6 HV, as shown in Figure 1c. According to the investigation of Tu et al [21] and Liu et al [27] the formation of atom clusters can be inhibited by the addition of Sn. The initial stage of artificial aging, which is also involves the formation of atom clusters, could also be suppressed by the addition of Sn, and therefore the hardness of the Sn-added alloys is lower than that of corresponding Sn-free alloys when they were artificially aged at 180 • C for 10 min.…”

Section: Evolution Of Hardness During Artificial Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Trace Addition of Sn on the Aging Behavior of Al–Mg–Si Alloy with a Different Mg/Si Ratio

Tang

et al. 2020

Materials

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In this paper, the effect of trace Sn on the precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloys with different Mg/Si ratios aged at 180 °C was investigated using hardness measurements, a room-temperature tensile test, transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results shown that Sn reduces the precipitation activation energy, increases the number density of β″ precipitates, and then increased the aging hardenability and mechanical properties of the Al–Mg–Si alloy. However, the positive effect of Sn on the mechanical properties of the Al–Mg–Si alloy drops with the decrease of the Mg/Si ratio of the alloy.

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“…Besides this already rather well-understood thermal treatment, an alloy variation including Sn offers a promising alternative to suppress undesired natural aging in Al-Mg-Si alloys [21]. This mechanism is based on high vacancy-solute binding energy, which hinders vacancies from travelling within the crystal and, thus, significantly impedes the movement of Mg and Si at room temperature (RT) [22]. During AA, at elevated temperatures, the bonds between Sn and vacancies are broken and Mg and Si can diffuse freely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thermal Treatments on Sn-Alloyed Al-Mg-Si Alloys

et al. 2019

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Sn-alloying, by deploying comparatively high vacancy binding energy, mitigates the undesired natural aging behavior of 6xxx-alloys. Targeted selection of pre-aging parameters can have a positive influence on natural aging and paint-bake performance. In this study, we aimed to combine the two approaches of Sn-alloying and pre-aging. Our results indicate that alloys modified with 100 at.-ppm Sn require altered heat treatment. In terms of solution aging and quenching, we show that the cooling rate needed depends on the types of alloy. The rate must be adapted, according to the number of intermetallic particles, to guarantee a sufficiently high level of Sn atoms in solid solution. The rather high number of intermetallic phases in alloy EN-AW-6061 means that it requires fast quenching, while the comparatively low number of precipitate-forming elements in alloy EN-AW-6016 makes it less sensitive to quenching variations. We also show that Sn reduces pre-aging kinetics. The optimal pre-aging temperature and time were consequently found to increase when Sn is added. We also studied the effect of adding a further thermal spike to the usual long-term pre-aging, at different positions within the processing route. The results we present are discussed based on a simulation of vacancy evolution in the alloy when subjected to these treatments.

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Effect of Sn and In on the natural ageing kinetics of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Effect of a Trace Addition of Sn on the Aging Behavior of Al–Mg–Si Alloy with a Different Mg/Si Ratio

Effect of Thermal Treatments on Sn-Alloyed Al-Mg-Si Alloys

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