Effect of Snow Depth on Mule Deer in Middle Park, Colorado

Gilbert, Paul F.; Wallmo, O. C.; Gill, R. Bruce

doi:10.2307/3799486

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Snow depth and weather variables have been implicated in the dynamics of deer populations (Gilbert, Wallmo & Gill 1970), yet these factors are rarely incorporated directly in analyses or modelled projections of population dynamics (see Edwards 1956;Peek, Dennis & Hershey 2002 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence and depth of snow can influence the ability of ungulates to travel, migrate and avoid predation (Parker, Robbins & Hanley 1984;Huggard 1993). Severe winter weather can depress deer survival and population size, and snow depths >51 cm increase energy costs, reduce food supplies and reduce survival (Leopold et al 1951;Gilbert, Wallmo & Gill 1970). In areas like Idaho where snow accumulates, deer migrate to traditional wintering areas (Nicholson, Bowyer & Kie 1997).…”

Section: Application To a Snow-dependent Species: Wolverine Gulo Gulomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To first demonstrate that our modelled snow depths could be reliably applied to historic deer data, we assessed the prediction that mule deer density in winter ranges would decline with snow depth (Gilbert, Wallmo & Gill 1970;Nicholson, Bowyer & Kie 1997) and compared the relative importance of our modelled snow depths against an alternative metric, snow cover. We used aerial sightability survey data collected from winter ranges in IDFG Game Management Unit (GMU) 14 (1488 km 2 ) south of Lewiston, Idaho, in December of 1992 and 1999 to assess and compare the influence of snow depth and average number of snow cover days per month (days with snow depth ‡1 cm) on deer density (Appendix S1).…”

Section: Application To a Snow-dependent Species: Wolverine Gulo Gulomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing historical snow depth surfaces to evaluate changes in critical demographic rates and habitat components of snow‐dependent and snow‐restricted species

Manning¹,

Garton²

2011

Methods Ecol Evol

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Summary1. Climate change models consistently predict snow depth declines across the Northern Hemisphere. Snow depth has been linked to the demography of numerous species, and snow depth reduction is expected to affect the demography of some northern species. As many demographic studies depend on long-term population data that extend back beyond available sources of spatially continuous snow depth data, reliable hindcasting of snow depth surface maps is needed. 2. We developed a two-stage regression modelling approach to reconstructing historic snow depths using an existing and readily available spatiotemporal data set of daily meteorological variables across a large, heterogeneous landscape in North America from 1982 to 2003. The final model accounted for ecoregional differences and predicted snow depth as a function of elevation and total snowfall accumulation. 3. Model validations showed that the estimated snow depths were spatially and temporally accurate. 4. We demonstrate how to apply this model with ArcGIS to hindcast monthly and yearly sequences of high-resolution, spatially continuous surfaces of historic snow depths. We also illustrate the utility of the modelled snow depth surfaces for informing predictions of how changes in snow depth may influence the demography and habitats of snow-dependent and snow-restricted species by assessing the spatiotemporal stochasticity of snow conditions that potentially benefit wolverine Gulo gulo and the winter ranges, net energy costs and population growth of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus. 5. This model can be used to hindcast snow depth surfaces across similar regions; our simple twostage modelling approach can be applied to other regions where equivalent climate data are available. The resulting spatiotemporal snow depth surfaces estimated from this model can be linked to existing long-term wildlife population data sets to investigate the extent to which snow depth declines may regulate or limit populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To a Snow-dependent Species: Wolverine Gulo Gulomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To a Snow-dependent Species: Wolverine Gulo Gulomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reconstructing historical snow depth surfaces to evaluate changes in critical demographic rates and habitat components of snow‐dependent and snow‐restricted species

Manning¹,

Garton²

2011

Methods Ecol Evol

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“…These areas are dominated by vine maple and huckleberry-salal communities on south-and southwestern-facing slopes. The primary factors governing the selection of such areas appears to be the best supply of preferred forage, minimal duration of snow cover, and relative freedom from cold winds (Crouch 1968b, Dasmann and Taber 1966, Gilbert et al 1970, Miller 1970a, Russell 1932, Zwickel and Brent 1953. Miller (1970a) found that the daily activity periods of black-tailed deer are influenced by extremes of or sharp changes in temperature, minimum relative humidity, and precipitation-as well as by the sex, age, and reproductive status of an individual.…”

Section: Species Odocoileus Hemionus: Mule Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural History of Oregon Coast Mammals

Maser¹,

Mate²,

Franklin³

et al. 1981

109

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Maser, Chris, Bruce R. Mate, Jerry F. Franklin, and C. T. Dyrness. 1981 The book presents detailed information on the biology, habitats, and life histories of the 96 species of mammals of the Oregon coast. Soils, geology, and vegetation are described and related to wildlife habitats for the 65 terrestrial and 31 marine species. The book is not simply an identification guide to the Oregon coast mammals but is a dynamic portrayal of their habits and habitats. Life histories are based on fieldwork and available literature. An extensive bibliography is included. Personal anecdotes of the authors provide entertaining reading. The book should be of use to students, educators, land-use planners, resource managers, wildlife biologists, and naturalists.Keywords: Natural history, mammals (marine), mammals (land), Oregon coast, wildlife habitat. ForewordIt is a privilege to write a foreword to Natural Hisfory of Oregon Coast Mammals. I have observed the production of this book since its inception and believe it has two qualities that especially recommend it: First, it is timely, attuned to the almost indescribable sense of frustrated urgency that environmental matters must be dealt with by a mixture of wisdom, information, and common sense that seems impossible to obtain. Second, this book is one of authority, by writers who are able to give the best and most accurate accounting of the ecosystems that make up the coastal region of Oregon. It can be looked on as a model for similar treatises, and in fact it contains much information that is applicable to other areas. Allow me to expand briefly on these two points.We are living in a schizophrenic time: There is need for wise use of our resources and there is the companion need for sensible conservation. As residents of the Pacific Northwest, a phenomenally satisfying part of the world, we see the requirement and the push to provide an ever-better life for more and more people. This may be called the "Development Syndrome." It is well known and self explanatory.At the same time we know the extreme preciousness of naturalness and nature, called by many terms and related to inner feelings. This may be termed simply and best as the "Concern for Nature Syndrome." This syndrome is difficult to describe for it is different in each person. It embodies emotional requirements of feelings and perceptions. It combines remembrances with objective appraisals and hopes for the future. It is concerned with a basic need for stability in a changing world, for places that are changeless from childhood memories through present experiences into plans for the future.As many writers have compellingly stated, wilderness (or varieties of wilderness as perceived by the individual) is the symbolic evidence of the concern for nature. We, each of us, have our own needs and our own interpretations, stated or not, as to how these needs may be manifested and fulfilled. Theodore Roosevelt wrote iii (Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, Century, 1885): "In the after years there shall come forever the memory ...

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“…If it is only when the snow cover exceeds 80 cm in thickness that the red deer is impeded from moving about, the 50-centimetre layer of snow stops the penetration of roe-deer in a great measure (Borowski & Kossak, 1975). Thus, the snow cover can not only cut off the access to the plants of the forest herb layer for the roe-deer but also prevent it from reaching a feeding rack or areas covered by a thinner snow layer (Gilbert et al, 1970).…”

Section: Influence Of Food Composition On Energy Balance In Roe-deermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of winter food composition on roe-deer energy budget

Perzanowski¹

1978

Acta Theriol.

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1Kajetan PERZANOWSKI Perzanowski K., 1978: The effect of winter food composition on roedeer energy budget. Acta theriol., 23,.In order to establish relationships between the composition of natural food and the energy budget of the roe-deer (Capreolus capreolus L.), a number of feeding experiments were carried out with mixed diets consisting of various proportions of browse and plants of forest herb layer. The consumption of these kinds of foods ranged from about 30 g dry matter/animal X day as regards young shoots of alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) to more than 550 g dry matter/animal X day in the case of herbs. The dry matter digestion coefficient appeared to be highly correlated with the herb content in the food. A similar relationship existed between the intake of digestible energy, ranging from 36 to 242 kcal/kg body weight 0 -7 5 X day, and the food composition. It was computed that in the winter the roe-deer, keeping its energy budget balanced, takes food containing more than 50% herbaceous plants, whose digestibility coefficient exceeds 60%. Distinct relationships were found between the food composition and the digestibility of the following fractions: Cell Wall Content (CWC), Cell Content (CC), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL). The equation of multiple regression, describing the relationship between the digestibility of food and the content of CWC, ADF and ADL fractions in it, was also calculated.

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Effect of Snow Depth on Mule Deer in Middle Park, Colorado

Cited by 61 publications

References 2 publications

Reconstructing historical snow depth surfaces to evaluate changes in critical demographic rates and habitat components of snow‐dependent and snow‐restricted species

Reconstructing historical snow depth surfaces to evaluate changes in critical demographic rates and habitat components of snow‐dependent and snow‐restricted species

Natural History of Oregon Coast Mammals

The effect of winter food composition on roe-deer energy budget

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