Effect of soaking and gaseous treatment on GABA content in germinated brown rice

Komatsuzaki, Noriko; Tsukahara, Kikuichi; Toyoshima, Hidechika; Suzuki, Tadanao; Shimizu, Naoto; Kojima, Toshinori

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.10.036

Cited by 283 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Soaking BR for 72 h in 30°C water, at moisture content of 13-15%, increased the GABA content of pre-germinated brown rice from 6.0 mg in ordinary BR before germination up to 69.2 mg and to 149.0 mg at 96 h, 40 times higher than in polished rice (1.7 mg) 4 . The content was higher for 21 h gaseous treatment at 35°C (24.9 mg/100 g) than for the conventional soaking method (10.1 mg/100 g) 8 . GABA is a neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord of mammals, and induces hypotensive, diuretic, and tranquillizing effects 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The content was higher for 21 h gaseous treatment at 35°C (24.9 mg/100 g) than for the conventional soaking method (10.1 mg/100 g) 8 . GABA is a neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord of mammals, and induces hypotensive, diuretic, and tranquillizing effects 8,9 . Furthermore, GBR extracts containing GABA are also used as medication to ameliorate blood flow in the brain 10 , to inhibit cancer-cell proliferation [11][12][13] , and other beneficial health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Karladee¹,

Suriyong²

2012

ScienceAsia

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Rice grains rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are increasing in popularity, particularly in the health food market. GABA levels in rice are influenced by many factors, including the duration of incubation of seeds, particularly in pre-germinated brown rice grains. In this report, five different incubation durations (0,12, 24, 36, and 48 h) and 21 rice varieties (11 landraces purple rice and 10 modern white varieties) were tested. Results show that GABA content increased steadily from 3.96 mg/100 g dry matter at 0 h duration (i.e., no incubation period) to 10.04 mg/100 g dry matter after 12 h, reaching the highest levels of 17.87 mg/100 g dry matter at 24 h incubation, and then decreased continuously afterwards to 9.91 and 1.36 mg/100 g dry matter at 36 and 48 h, respectively. A correlation of GABA levels at 0 h and 24 h was detected (r = 0.48). Genotypic variation was detected from a minimum of 6.50 to a maximum of 10.10 mg/100 g dry matter, with a mean of 8.03. At 24 h, the white rice variety KDML 105 and the purple rice variety Kum Doi Saket (23.48 and 23.63 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively) exhibited the highest GABA content of all 21 rice varieties. This indicates the importance of the local purple rice cultivars for adding nutritional value to functional food products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Untitled

Karladee¹,

Suriyong²

2012

ScienceAsia

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“…량이 높았다고 보고되었다 (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). 또한 발아현미는 발아시 키지 않은 현미에 비해 혈압강하, 비만 억제, 그리고 콜레스 테롤 흡수 저하 효과가 더 증진된다고 알려져 있다 (18,19 3.0 --400 1) Normal, normal diet; Control, high fat diet; BR, high fat diet containing brown rice; GBR, high fat diet containing germinated brown rice; CGBR, high fat diet containing germinated brown rice treated with chitosan.…”

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Increment of Physiologically Active Compounds in Germinated Brown Rice Treated with Chitosan and its Effect on Obesity of Rat Fed a High Fat Diet

Li¹,

Cho²,

Gao³

et al. 2008

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition

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This study was to investigated the changes of physiologically active components in germinated brown rice treated with chitosan (CGBR) and its anti-obesity effect in rat fed a high fat diet. Contents of physiologically active compounds such as total phenolic compounds, total dietary fiber, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and total phytic acid in CGBR were significantly higher than those of traditional germinated brown rice (GBR).Lipase inhibitory activity of CGBR was higher than those of GBR and brown rice (BR). High fat diets containing CGBR, GBR, and BR were administered to three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks. All groups showed no significant difference in body weight, total abdominal fat, and plasma lipid levels. However, CGBR group appeared to have lower body weight gain and total abdominal fat level than other groups fed high fat diets containing GBR and BR. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents in plasma of CGBR group were also lower than those of other groups. Thus, new germination method of brown rice using chitosan is a useful process, which utilizes plant defense responses to elevate the production of secondary metabolites and anti-obesity effect.

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“…Pigmented rice cultivars Peak intensity relative to TSP dogenous hydrolytic enzymes are activated to break down starch, fibers, and proteins (Kim et al 2012;Komatsuzaki et al 2007). This process made much more metabolites could be read by NMR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR metabolite comparison of local pigmented rice in Yogyakarta

Wijaya

Susanto

Purwestri

et al. 2018

Indones. J. Biotechnol.

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Pigmented rice may have a black or red color due to higher anthocyanin content in its grain. A natural an oxidant, many studies on anthocyanin have reported its posi ve effects on human health. This fact has spurred the development of pigmented rice as a func onal food. This study aimed to compare the metabolite profiles of black and red rice. Three black rice cul vars, namely Melik, Pari Ireng, and Cempo Ireng Sleman, and two red rice cul vars, Inpari 24 and RC 204, were used. A er husk removal, grain samples were ground in liquid nitrogen and dried with a freeze dryer. The dried samples were extracted using 50% MeOD4 (in a D 2 O phosphate buffer pH 6 containing 0.01% TSP as an internal standard). Metabolomic analysis was performed using 500 MHz NMR followed by mul variate data analysis. An orthogonal par al least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model a er PCA was constructed to discriminate between the five different cul vars. The resul ng OPLS-DA score plot revealed a clear separa on between black rice and red rice. The metabolites that could influence the separa on of red rice and black rice were valine, threonine, alanine, glutamate, galac nol, β-glucose, α-glucose, raffinose, and fumaric acid.

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Effect of soaking and gaseous treatment on GABA content in germinated brown rice

Cited by 283 publications

References 23 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Increment of Physiologically Active Compounds in Germinated Brown Rice Treated with Chitosan and its Effect on Obesity of Rat Fed a High Fat Diet

NMR metabolite comparison of local pigmented rice in Yogyakarta

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